Berthierine and Chamosite in Coal Measures of Japan

Iijima, Azuma

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1982.0300403

Cited by 101 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Then, kaolinite and chamosite desilicated and generated quartz, as suggested by Equation (2). Dispersed chamosite ( Figure 13B) independent of kaolinite and quartz may have precipitated from Fe-rich hydrothermal solutions, with Fe probably coming from siderite layers in the sedimentary sequence (Figure 2) [53].…”

Section: Multi-stage Injections Of Hydrothermal Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mineralogical Characteristics of Late Permian Coals from the Yueliangtian Coal Mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China

et al. 2016

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This paper reports the mineralogical compositions of super-low-sulfur (Yueliangtian 6-upper (YLT6U)) and high-sulfur (Yueliangtian 6-lower (YLT6L)) coals of the Late Permian No. 6 coal seam from the Yueliangtian coal mine, Guizhou, southwestern China. The mineral assemblages and morphology were detected and observed by X-ray diffractogram (XRD), optical microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Major minerals in the coal samples, partings and host rocks (roof and floor strata) include calcite, quartz, kaolinite, mixed-layer illite/smectite, chlorite and pyrite and, to a lesser extent, chamosite, anatase and apatite. The Emeishan basalt and silicic rocks in the Kangdian Upland are the sediment source for the Yueliangtian coals. It was found that there are several modes of chamosite occurrence, and precursor minerals, such as anatase, had been corroded by Ti-rich hydrothermal solutions. The modes of occurrence of minerals present in the coal were controlled by the injection of different types of hydrothermal fluids during different deposition stages. The presence of abundant pyrite and extremely high total sulfur contents in the YLT6L coal are in sharp contrast to those in the YLT6U coal, suggesting that seawater invaded the peat swamp of the YLT6L coal and terminated at the YLT6U-9p sampling interval. High-temperature quartz, vermicular kaolinite and chloritized biotite were observed in the partings and roof strata. The three partings and floor strata of the No. 6 coal seam from the Yueliangtian coal mine appear to have been derived from felsic volcanic ash. Four factors, including sediment-source region, multi-stage injections of hydrothermal fluids, seawater influence and volcanic ash input, were responsible for the mineralogical characteristics of the Yueliangtian coals.

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Section: Multi-stage Injections Of Hydrothermal Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mineralogical Characteristics of Late Permian Coals from the Yueliangtian Coal Mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China

et al. 2016

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“…These minerals also occur in Northampton ironstone (Hirt and Gehring, 1991), in paleosol near Waterval Onder, South Africa (Retallack, 1986), in the oolitic ironstone beds, Hazara, Lesser Himalayan Copyright c The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences (SGEPSS); The Seismological Society of Japan; The Volcanological Society of Japan; The Geodetic Society of Japan; The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences; TERRAPUB. thrust zone (Yoshida, 1998), in metamorphic rock in the Sierra Albarrana pegmatite body (Del Mar Abad-Ortega and Nieto, 1995), in the coal-swamp deposits in Paleogene and Upper Triassic coal, Japan (Iijima and Matsumoto, 1982). This is the first report of berthierine and chamosite in the magnetite-bearing ore deposit of Peña Colorada, México.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Berthierine and chamosite hydrothermal: genetic guides in the Peña Colorada magnetite-bearing ore deposit, Mexico

et al. 2006

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We report the first finding of berthierine and chamosite in Mexico. They occur in the iron-ore deposit of Peña Colorada, Colima. Their genetic characteristics show two different mineralization events associated mainly to the magnetite ore. Berthierine is an Fe-rich and Mg-low 1:1 layer phyllosilicate of hydrothermal sedimentary origin. Its structure is 7Å, d hkl [1 0 0] basal spacing and low degree structural ordering. The phyllosilicate has been identified by a lack of 14Å basal reflection on X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These data were supported by High Resolution Transmision Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images that show thick packets of berthierine in well defined parallel plates. From the analysis of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we found around [1 0 0] reflections of berhierine 7.12Å and corresponding angles of hexagonal crystalline structure. Berthierine has a microcrystalline structure, dark green color, and high refraction index (1.64 to 1.65). Birefringence is low, near 0.007 to null and it is associated to nanoparticles (<15 nm) and microparticles of magnetite (<25 μm), fine grain siderite, and organic matter. Its texture is intergranular-interstratified with colloform banding. The chamosite Mg-rich is of hydrothermal epigenetic origin affected by low-degree metamorphism. It is an Fe-rich 2:1 layer silicate, with basal space of 14Å, d hkl [0 0 1]. The chamosite occurs as lamellar in sizes ranging from 50 to 150 μm. It has intense green color and refraction index from 1.64 to 1.65. The birefringence is near 0.008, with biaxial (-) orientation and a 2V small. It is associated mainly to sericite, epidote, clay, feldspar, and magnetite. Chamosite is emplaced in open spaces filling and linings. Mössbauer spectra of berthierine and chamosite are similar. They show the typical spectra of paramagnetic substances, with two well defined unfoldings corresponding to the oxidation state of Fe +2 and Fe +3 . Chemical composition of both minerals was obtained by an electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer (EPMA). The radio Fe+Mg+Mn vs Si and Al show similar chemical compositions and different XRD patterns in the crystalline structure provoked by the environmental conditions of emplacement. A hydrothermal environment was predominant, occurring before, during, and after the magnetite mineralization. The identification of magnetite nanoparticles supports the hypothesis of a marine environment, specifically exhalative sedimentary (SEDEX) for the berthierine.

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“…Moreover, concentrations of dissolved aluminum in fresh and seawaters at 0.001 ppm (Sacket and Arrhenius, 1962) and 0.3 ppm (Beck et al, 1974), respectively, apparently are too low for the extensive berthierine precipCopyright 9 1983, The Clay Minerals Society itation needed to produce the oolitic iron formations (Kimberley, 1979). Most of the field and laboratory observations, on the other hand, suggest diagenetic origins, such as (1) dissolution of argillaceous sediments and reprecipitation (i.e., neoformation) as berthierine (Litvinenko, 1958in Sokolova, 1964; (2) crystallization from noncrystalline SiO2-AI(OH)3-Fe(OH)3 precipitates under reducing conditions (Caill~re and Hrnin, 1960;Bubenicek, 1971;Harder, 1978); (3) replacement of calcareous oolites (Kimberley, 1979(Kimberley, , 1980, and (4) transformation of detrital kaolinite (Karpov et al, 1967;Schellmann, 1969;Velde, 1977;Bhattacharyya, 1980;Iijima and Matsumoto, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Berthierine in Ironstones

Bhattacharyya

1983

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--To test the hypothesis that berthierine in oolitic ironstones formed by diagenetic transformation of detrital kaolinite, laboratory experiments simulating the early diagenetic conditions were conducted. Representative sets of the initial sediment were prepared in distilled water and artificial seawater suspensions by mixing 4-13 g/liter kaolinite with Fe(OH)a precipitated from 0.1-0.3 M FeClz solutions. ~NazS204 was added to the suspensions as a reducing agent, and inert Nz atmospheres were used to maintain the required Eh between + 100 and -400 mV. The pH of the suspensions was controlled between 8 and 5 with dilute HC1. Within 300 days, the iron content of the bulk kaolinite in the seawater suspensions progressively increased from 0.18 to 2.44% at pH = 7 and Eh between -250 and -350 mV. Energy dispersive X-ray analyses of individual clay platelets in the final products showed progressive, temporal increase in Fe, and concomitant decrease in AI and Si. X-ray powder diffractometry revealed small d (001)-d(002) shifts, marked intensity reversals of (001) and (002) reflections, and the development of additional characteristic berthierine reflections with time. These data suggest progressive transformation of kaolinite to berthierine. Microprobe analyses of natural berthierine in oolitic ironstones also showed parallel patterns, which substantiate such progressive transformation from the margin toward the core of the ooids. The transformation did not take place in distilled water. The addition of Mg 2 § to the distilled water suspensions, however, promoted the transformation.

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Berthierine and Chamosite in Coal Measures of Japan

Cited by 101 publications

References 24 publications

Mineralogical Characteristics of Late Permian Coals from the Yueliangtian Coal Mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China

Mineralogical Characteristics of Late Permian Coals from the Yueliangtian Coal Mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China

Berthierine and chamosite hydrothermal: genetic guides in the Peña Colorada magnetite-bearing ore deposit, Mexico

Origin of Berthierine in Ironstones

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