“…The instance of technology incorporation during the pandemic is, in and of itself, a case study in what not to do. Teachers and schools have been asked to incorporate existing technology first and figure out how to align the devices or programs capabilities with excellent instruction after the fact (that) exact opposite of what is recommended.Several authors(Kanekar, Snyder & Prince, 2023;Maddukelleng, Jihan, Gunawan et al, 2023;Rodrigues, 2023) concur that online and hybrid teaching challenge some educators. It challenges mostly those who hold back adoption or use because they do not feel prepared to meet instructional goals with those tools despite them looking favourably on technology for instruction.…”