Beta-glucan- or rice bran-enriched foods: a comparative crossover clinical trial on lipidic pattern in mildly hypercholesterolemic men

Abstract

Background/ Objectives: There has been growing interest in using dietary intervention to improve the lipid profile. This work aims at analyzing the effects and the comparison of the enrichment of a diet with beta-glucans or rice bran in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. Subjects/Methods: The subjects initially consumed a 3-week Step 1 American Heart Association diet with rice bran-enriched foods. After this adaptation period, volunteers were randomly assigned to follow a crossover, controlled trial that consisted of two treatment with beta-glucan-or rice bran-enriched foods, each of 4 weeks, with a 3-week wash-out, like the adaptation period, between periods. Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 49, 70 and 98 in both study arms for measuring low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (primary outcome), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B and glucose levels. Results: Twenty-four men (mean age: 50.3±5.3, mean body mass index: 24.9±1.9) completed the 14-week trial. Subjects in the 3-week adaptation period experienced significant reductions in the mean change of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, apo A-I/apo B and glucose. During the intervention diet periods, a difference was found between treatment groups for the mean change in LDL (0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02-0.40), P ¼ 0.033) and total cholesterol (0.34 (95% CI: 0.20-0.47), Po0.001). Other parameters evaluated were not significantly affected by the diet consumed. Conclusions: The results of the present crossover clinical trial showed that beta-glucan-enriched foods are more effective in lowering serum LDL levels, compared with rice bran-enriched foods.

By-products of Rice Processing: An Overview of Health Benefits and Applications

“…Table 3 shows the proximate composition and major minerals of several rice by-products. Rice bran, which is derived from the outer layer of the rice grain, is composed of an aleurone layer of the rice kernel, with some proportion of the endosperm and germ [35] accounting for approximately 10% of the weight of the rice grain [36]. This part is composed of both lipophilic antioxidants (tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol) and phenolics [37].…”

Dietary Strategies and Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches Targeting Serum ApoA-I Metabolism: A Systematic Overview

“…ovate [93]. The water-soluble fiber β -glucan did not affect fasting apoA-I concentrations [94]. Furthermore, wheat germ consumption increased fasting apoA-I concentrations compared with flaxseed consumption (Table 5) [95].…”

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to barley beta-glucans and lowering of blood cholesterol and reduced risk of (coronary) heart disease pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

“…The three meta-analyses (AbuMweis et al, 2010;Talati et al, 2009;Harland, 2011, unpublished and claimed as proprietary by the applicant) considered all but one (Rondanelli et al, 2011) of the remaining individual randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which the applicant provided for the scientific substantiation of the claim.…”

“…One human intervention study (Rondanelli et al, 2011) which was not available at the time the three meta-analyses above were conducted was also provided by the applicant. In this randomised controlled cross-over trial, 24 mildly hypercholesterolaemic men (mean age 50.3±5.3 years) consumed a barley beta-glucan-enriched diet or a rice bran-enriched control diet for four weeks each (with a three-week wash-out in between) after a three-week run-in period on a Step 1 American Heart Association diet containing rice bran enriched foods (providing 19.7 g/day total dietary fibre, including 7 g/day soluble fibre).…”