Beta radiation effects in 137Cs-substituted pollucite

Preparation and characterization of (Ba,Cs)(M,Ti)8O16 (M=Al3+, Fe3+, Ga3+, Cr3+, Sc3+, Mg2+) hollandite ceramics developed for radioactive cesium immobilization

“…Nevertheless, to complete this study, chemical durability tests have still to be performed to evaluate the capacity of these ceramics to retain Cs during lixiviation. As Zandbergen et al [13] reported that rubidium can totally substitute cesium in (Ba,Cs)(Ti,Al) 8 …”

“…Indeed, for each hollandite there is a lower limit of (x + y) below which the intended composition cannot be obtained as a single phase and a fraction of TiO 2 remained as secondary phase in ceramics. For instance, according to Zandbergen et al [13], Ba x (Al,Ti) 8 O 16 hollandite can be obtained as a single phase only for 1.16 < x < 1.28 (Table 2).…”

“…Different kinds of ceramic matrices were proposed as specific waste forms for Cs immobilization such as: pollucite (CsAlSi 2 O 6 ) [8], CsZP (CsZr 2 -(PO 4 ) 3 ) [9], Synroc-type barium hollandite ððBa x Cs y Þ½ðTi; AlÞ 3þ 2xþy Ti 4þ 8À2xÀy O 16 ðx þ y < 2ÞÞ [10] and iron-rich barium hollandite ððBa x Cs y Þ-½ðFe; AlÞ 3þ 2xþy Ti 4þ 8À2xÀy O 16 ðx þ y < 2ÞÞ [11]. Considering both the possibility to prepare well densified hollandite samples, the ability of this matrix to incorporate both Cs + and Ba 2+ ions (barium results from the b-decay of cesium radioactive isotopes) and the occurrence of Ti 4+ ions in the structure that can act as electron traps during b-decay (Ti 4+ + e À (b À ) !…”

“…For this purpose, we first tried to prepare single phase (Ba,M)-hollandite (Ba x Cs y )(M,Ti) 8 (Table 2). These domains were determined almost exclusively for hollandites without Cs (y = 0) and prepared at higher temperature (T P 1300°C) than in our case.…”

Behavior of cesium in municipal solid waste incineration

“…The X-ray absorption spectra were collected in the transmission mode, using ionization chambers. Energy calibration for the Cs Kedge was performed by assigning the first inflection point in the absorption edge of a CsCl standard to 36,005 keV (Hess et al, 2000). The spectrum data were analyzed using analysis software for XAFS (REX-2000 Ver2.5, Rigaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).…”