Beta‐tricalcium phosphate ceramic triggers fast and robust bone formation by human mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Due to their osteoconductive and inductive properties, a variety of calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds are commonly used in orthopaedics as graft material to heal bone defects. In this study, we have used two CaP scaffolds with different hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) ratios (MBCP®; 60/40 and MBCP+®; 20/80) to investigate their intrinsic capacity to favour human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) osteogenic differentiation capacity. We report that MBCP+® showed in in vitro culture model a higher rate of calcium ion release in comparison with MBCP®. In two defined coculture systems, the hBMSC seeded onto MBCP+® presented an increased amount of VEGF secretion, resulting in an enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and capillary formation compared with hBMSC seeded onto MBCP®. When both ceramics combined with hBMSC were implanted in a nude mouse model, we observed a faster osteogenic differentiation and enhancement mature bone deposition sustained by the presence of a vast host vasculature within the MBCP+® ceramics. Bone formation was observed in samples highly positive to the activation of calcium sensing receptor protein (CaSr) on the surface of seeded hBMSC that also shown higher BMP‐2 protein expression. With these data we provide valuable insights in the possible mechanisms of ossification and angiogenesis by hBMSC that we believe to be primed by calcium ions released from CaP scaffolds. Evidences could lead to an optimization of ceramic scaffolds to prime bone repair.

Dental alloplastic bone substitutes currently available in Korea

“…There were many clinical studies from MBCP which consists with 60% of HA and 40% of β-TCP78798081828384. On the other hand, MBCP+ was published only animal studies85868788 and in vitro studies8990. Although not introduced as MBCP+, a combination of 20% of HA and 80% of β-TCP was as same resorption and bone growth as combination of 60% of HA and 40% of β-TCP in retrospective clinical trial for extraction socket and it could be human study level IV84.…”

Progenitor Cells Activated by Platelet Lysate in Human Articular Cartilage as a Tool for Future Cartilage Engineering and Reparative Strategies

“…After these results obtained in vitro, the osteogenic potential of CPCs was assessed in vivo. CPCs, combined with the osteoinductive ceramic granules, as described by Pereira et al [45], formed a compact fibrous tissue, virtually ascribable to an immature bone-like matrix, 2 months after implantation in mice ( Figure 6C). Altogether, these data demonstrated that CPCs were preferentially committed to a stable chondrogenic fate, a feature that is crucial for cartilage regeneration purposes and make CPCs a better option than traditional MSCs, usually predetermined to develop from transient endochondral cartilage to bone [46].…”

Sustained zinc release in cooperation with CaP scaffold promoted bone regeneration via directing stem cell fate and triggering a pro-healing immune stimuli

“…With the development of an understanding of the reactions between biomaterials and host tissues, the regulatory effect of the immune system on biomaterial-induced osteogenesis has gradually become a focus of study [ 20 , 21 ]. To date, most studies have mainly identified the direct osteoinductive effect of Zn 2+ [ 8 , 22 ] or β-TCP [ 23 , 24 ] on host/exogenous stem cells. Whether and how the Zn/TCP/PLLA scaffold regulates the local osteoimmune microenvironment around the bone defect area remains unknown.…”