2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112369
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Betaine prevents and reverses the behavioral deficits and synaptic dysfunction induced by repeated ketamine exposure in mice

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Cited by 13 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…The abundances of betaine, creatine, and taurine were all significantly decreased. Betaine has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects ( Chen et al, 2021 ), while creatine and taurine are thought to provide energy to fuel the normal function of the brain ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Roschel et al, 2021 ). Combined, these results suggested that the perturbation of amino acid metabolism may contribute to the aging of hippocampus through the modulation of synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The abundances of betaine, creatine, and taurine were all significantly decreased. Betaine has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects ( Chen et al, 2021 ), while creatine and taurine are thought to provide energy to fuel the normal function of the brain ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Roschel et al, 2021 ). Combined, these results suggested that the perturbation of amino acid metabolism may contribute to the aging of hippocampus through the modulation of synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Each pup in the CK group was injected with KET at the same dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 3 times a day, 30 minutes apart, for 7 consecutive days. The dosage of ketamine was referenced from literature [ 10 ]. The mice in the AK group received the same treatment but only for 1 day, while those in the CK+UTI group were injected with UTI (50,000 U/kg) intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the first KET injection daily.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mice in the AK group received the same treatment but only for 1 day, while those in the CK+UTI group were injected with UTI (50,000 U/kg) intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the first KET injection daily. In the AC and CC groups, mice were not exposed to any drugs [ 10 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both choline and betaine have been recognized as central biomarkers of cognitive performance [174,175]. Likewise, altered levels of choline in different brain regions have been associated with MDD [176,177], and betaine has been identified as a novel adjunctive therapy for improving the antidepressant effects of ketamine while preventing some its main adverse effects [178]. However, there is some evidence supporting that the gut microbiota status and the TMA/TMAO levels rather than choline or betaine may be better indicators of the favorable or detrimental effects of these metabolites [179].…”
Section: Choline-derived Metabolitesmentioning
confidence: 99%