Betaines and Related Osmoprotectants. Targets for Metabolic Engineering of Stress Resistance1

McNeil, Scott D.; Nuccio, Michael L.; Hanson, Andrew D.

doi:10.1104/pp.120.4.945

Cited by 357 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…64 The exogenous proline supplemented mitigated the reduction in photosynthetic activity and leaf water relations under salt stress in Olea europaea L. cv Chemlali, and the mitigating effect of proline was concentration-dependent. 65 It is well-established that proline protects plants against stress by stabilizing the mitochondrial electron transport complex II, 66 membranes and proteins 8,[67][68][69][70] and enzymes such as RUBISCO. 71 When compared with other osmolytes such as glycine betaine, proline applied exogenously was highly effective in alleviating NaCl-generated stress in tobacco cells.…”

Section: Effect Of Exogenous Proline On Oxidative Stress and The Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of proline under changing environments

Hayat

Alyemeni³

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

2,207

1,149

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Section: Effect Of Exogenous Proline On Oxidative Stress and The Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of proline under changing environments

Hayat

Alyemeni³

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

2,207

1,149

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“…In general, cellular concentration of compatible solutes can be regulated by increasing biosynthesis, decreasing degradation, and/or modifying rates of uptake or release of these compounds. In plants, research has focused on the metabolism of Pro and Gly betaine and their importance for stress tolerance (Yoshiba et al, 1997;McNeil et al, 1999). However, only limited information on the significance of transport of compatible solutes is available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The AtProT Family. Compatible Solute Transporters with Similar Substrate Specificity But Differential Expression Patterns

Grallath

Weimar²,

Meyer³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

161

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Proline transporters (ProTs) mediate transport of the compatible solutes Pro, glycine betaine, and the stress-induced compound g-aminobutyric acid. A new member of this gene family, AtProT3, was isolated from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and its properties were compared to AtProT1 and AtProT2. Transient expression of fusions of AtProT and the green fluorescent protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts revealed that all three AtProTs were localized at the plasma membrane. Expression in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant demonstrated that the affinity of all three AtProTs was highest for glycine betaine (K m 5 0.1-0.3 mM), lower for Pro (K m 5 0.4-1 mM), and lowest for g-aminobutyric acid (K m 5 4-5 mM). Relative quantification of the mRNA level using real-time PCR and analyses of transgenic plants expressing the b-glucuronidase (uidA) gene under control of individual AtProT promoters showed that the expression pattern of AtProTs are complementary. AtProT1 expression was found in the phloem or phloem parenchyma cells throughout the whole plant, indicative of a role in long-distance transport of compatible solutes. b-Glucuronidase activity under the control of the AtProT2 promoter was restricted to the epidermis and the cortex cells in roots, whereas in leaves, staining could be demonstrated only after wounding. In contrast, AtProT3 expression was restricted to the above-ground parts of the plant and could be localized to the epidermal cells in leaves. These results showed that, although intracellular localization, substrate specificity, and affinity are very similar, the transporters fulfill different roles in planta.

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“…Proline and betaine contribute to osmotic adjustment 1,3,4) as well as to the protection of membranes, proteins, and enzymes from the damaging effects of various stresses. [4][5][6][7] Moreover, proline and betaine provide protection against stress by maintaining redox homeostasis. 8) Under salt stress, exogenous application of proline or betaine upregulates stressprotective proteins, 9) and reduces lipid peroxidation [10][11][12] and protein oxidation.…”

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confidence: 99%