Betatron Core Driven Slow Extraction at CNAO and MedAustron

Pullia, M.; Bressi, Erminia; Falbo, Luciano; Garonna, Adriano; Kronberger, M.; Kulenkampff, Tobias; Kurfürst, Christoph; Osmic, F.; Penescu, Liviu; Pivi, M.; Priano, C.; Rossi, S.; Schmitzer, C.; Urschütz, Peter; Viviani, C.; Wastl, Alexander

doi:10.18429/jacow-ipac2016-tupmr037

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The extraction mechanism most often used in synchrotron ion beam therapy facilities is based around two methods: a slow resonant mechanism which is usually driven by a transverse excitation [RF knockout (RF-KO) ( 51 , 52 )] or a longitudinally slowly induced energy change [Betatron magnet ( 47 , 53 , 54 )]. For slow resonant extraction, the beam can be kept bunched throughout the extraction process, making re-acceleration (or deceleration) a delicate but feasible process.…”

Section: Limitations and Avenues For Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the process is not completely lossless, it requires only roughly ~100 ms (37,49) to change beam energy 2 . The extraction mechanism most often used in synchrotron ion beam therapy facilities is based around two methods: a slow resonant mechanism which is usually driven by a transverse excitation [RF knockout (RF-KO) (51,52)] or a longitudinally slowly induced energy change [Betatron magnet (47,53,54)].…”

Section: Synchrotronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Developments in Charged Particle Therapy: Improving Beam Delivery for Efficiency and Efficacy

2021

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The physical and clinical benefits of charged particle therapy (CPT) are well recognized. However, the availability of CPT and complete exploitation of dosimetric advantages are still limited by high facility costs and technological challenges. There are extensive ongoing efforts to improve upon these, which will lead to greater accessibility, superior delivery, and therefore better treatment outcomes. Yet, the issue of cost remains a primary hurdle as utility of CPT is largely driven by the affordability, complexity and performance of current technology. Modern delivery techniques are necessary but limited by extended treatment times. Several of these aspects can be addressed by developments in the beam delivery system (BDS) which determines the overall shaping and timing capabilities enabling high quality treatments. The energy layer switching time (ELST) is a limiting constraint of the BDS and a determinant of the beam delivery time (BDT), along with the accelerator and other factors. This review evaluates the delivery process in detail, presenting the limitations and developments for the BDS and related accelerator technology, toward decreasing the BDT. As extended BDT impacts motion and has dosimetric implications for treatment, we discuss avenues to minimize the ELST and overview the clinical benefits and feasibility of a large energy acceptance BDS. These developments support the possibility of advanced modalities and faster delivery for a greater range of treatment indications which could also further reduce costs. Further work to realize methodologies such as volumetric rescanning, FLASH, arc, multi-ion and online image guided therapies are discussed. In this review we examine how increased treatment efficiency and efficacy could be achieved with improvements in beam delivery and how this could lead to faster and higher quality treatments for the future of CPT.

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Section: Limitations and Avenues For Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synchrotronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Developments in Charged Particle Therapy: Improving Beam Delivery for Efficiency and Efficacy

2021

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“…In the case of the MedAustron accelerator, termination of treatment at the MedAustron facility is primarily attained via the chopper system (Pullia et al 2016). For protons, the system has a maximum response time of 150 µs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed RF knock-out extraction: a potential enabler for FLASH hadrontherapy in the Bragg peak

Waid,

Gsponer,

Renner

et al. 2024

Phys. Med. Biol.

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One challenge on the path to delivering FLASH-compatible beams with a synchrotron is facilitating an accurate dose control for the required ultra-high dose rates. We propose the use of pulsed RFKO extraction instead of continuous beam delivery as a way to control the dose delivered per Voxel. In a first feasibility test, dose rates in pulses of up to 600 Gy/s were observed, while the granularity at which the dose was delivered is expected to be well below 0.5 Gy.

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“…The betatron core is a key element of the slow extraction mechanism used at MedAustron [7]. Prior to the extraction, the particles are accelerated in the synchrotron to a momentum slightly under the third-order resonance condition of the betatron oscillation.…”

Section: Betatron Corementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the amplitude of this transverse motion reaches a certain limit, the particle enters an electric septum, which is placed at the margin of the vacuum tube. The field of the septum deflects the incoming beam towards a series of magnetic septa, to finally extract it to the HEBT [7]. By adjusting the betatron core voltage, the extraction time can be extended, thus reducing the number of extracted particles/s.…”

Section: Betatron Corementioning

confidence: 99%

Commissioning of low particle flux for proton beams at MedAustron

Ulrich-Pur,

Adler,

Bergauer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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MedAustron is a synchrotron based particle therapy centre located in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. It features three irradiation rooms for particle therapy, where proton beams with energies up to 252.7 MeV and carbon ions of up to 402.8 MeV/u are available for cancer treatment. In addition to the treatment rooms, MedAustron features a unique beam line exclusively for non-clinical research (NCR). This research beam line is also commissioned for proton energies up to 800 MeV, while available carbon ion energies correspond to the ones available in the treatment rooms. All irradiation rooms offer particle rates in the order of 10 9 particles/s for protons and 10 7 particles/s for carbon ions. Such high fluxes are needed to efficiently irradiate patients in a short amount of time. However, for research purposes also lower particle fluxes are required. Therefore lower proton flux settings for the NCR beamline were commissioned. Three particle flux settings ranging from ≈ 2.4 kHz to ≈ 5.2 MHz were established for seven proton energies below 252.7 MeV. In addition to the particle rate, the spot sizes and beam energies were measured for these settings. Also three low flux settings for 800 MeV protons ranging from ≈ 2 kHz to ≈ 1.3 MHz were commissioned.

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Betatron Core Driven Slow Extraction at CNAO and MedAustron

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Future Developments in Charged Particle Therapy: Improving Beam Delivery for Efficiency and Efficacy

Future Developments in Charged Particle Therapy: Improving Beam Delivery for Efficiency and Efficacy

Pulsed RF knock-out extraction: a potential enabler for FLASH hadrontherapy in the Bragg peak

Commissioning of low particle flux for proton beams at MedAustron

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