Betaxolol Eye Drops as a Safe Medication to Lower Intraocular Pressure

Brooks, Anne M. V.; Gillies, W. E.; West, Robert H.

doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.1987.tb00057.x

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…45 The key question is whether cardiovascular and pulmonary effects pose less of a problem with betaxolol than with a less selective drug. Brooks et al 66 found that topical betaxolol had no effect on forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and other measures of respiratory function in patients with a history of respiratory disease or timolol-induced bronchospasm. In a similar study, timolol produced a 25% reduction in FEV1.…”

Section: Betaxololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Considerations With Pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Han¹,

Frishman²,

Sun³

et al. 2008

Cardiology in Review

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Glaucoma and ocular hypertension are highly prevalent conditions in individuals over the age of 40 and are commonly seen together in patients with cardiovascular disease. Many of the antiglaucoma medications, when systemically absorbed, affect the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems of patients and can cause cardiovascular toxicity. Such adverse effects are frequently associated with the long-term use of potentially toxic agents in elderly people, who are most prone to chronic eye disease. Moreover, patients may not associate their symptoms with the topical eye medications, and consequently may not report adverse drug effects. Drug-drug interactions can also occur when patients are taking medications for both cardiovascular disease and glaucoma. In this review, the systemic toxicity of these agents is reviewed, along with possible drug-drug interactions. Mention is made of other antiglaucoma medications used alone and in combination with topical beta-blockers. Identification of genetic loci-a bold new step toward glaucoma treatment-is mentioned briefly at the end of the article.

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Section: Betaxololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Considerations With Pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Han¹,

Frishman²,

Sun³

et al. 2008

Cardiology in Review

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show abstract

“…Unlike timolol, there is a theoretical lack with betaxolol of respiratory side effects (Caldwell et al 1984) and this seems to be confirmed in practice (Brooks et al 1987Dunn et al 1986;Ofner & Smith 1987;Schoene et al 1984Schoene et al , 1985Van Buskirk et al 1986;Vukich et al 1985). When used in patients with a history of respiratory disease or timolol-induced bronchospasm, topical betaxolol had no effect on vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV\), FEV\/VC and the mean midexpiratory flow rate .…”

Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ocular ??-Blockers in Glaucoma Management

Brooks

Gillies

1992

Drugs & Aging

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Topical beta-blockers reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) by blockade of sympathetic nerve endings in the ciliary epithelium causing a fall in aqueous humour production. Two types of topical beta-blockers are available for use in glaucoma: nonselective, which block both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors; and cardioselective, which block only beta 1-receptors. Of the beta-Blockers commercially available, timolol, levobunolol, metipranolol and carteolol are nonselective, and betaxolol is cardioselective. Twice-daily timolol is probably the most effective agent in lowering IOP, although levobunolol is equally effective and can be used once daily with little difference in effect. Carteolol is used twice daily and any theoretical advantage in diminished side effects conferred by its partial beta-agonist activity compared with timolol has not been fully substantiated. Metipranolol is effective twice daily and does not have partial beta-agonist activity. Betaxolol has an effect comparable to timolol in lowering IOP, but is less effective in some patients. beta-Blockers can be used with other antiglaucoma medications, but their combined action with epinephrine (adrenaline) is suspect, particularly in the case of the nonselective beta-blockers, and the effect should be assessed in patients on an individual basis. Local stinging can be a problem in some patients with betaxolol. The most serious side effects of beta-blockers are the exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease with nonselective agents and the precipitation of bronchospasm in some patients. Betaxolol seems relatively free of adverse respiratory effects, although this may be dose-related and extreme caution should still be exercised in patients with any history of respiratory illness. Because of the lower risk of precipitating side effects, betaxolol is probably the beta-blocker of first choice for use in glaucoma; timolol or levobunolol are reserved for patients who do not respond satisfactorily to betaxolol and are quite free of respiratory disease.

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Topical Ophthalmic β‐Adrenergic Blockade for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Frishman

Fuksbrumer

Tannenbaum

1994

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Since the late 1970s, topical beta-adrenergic blockers have been the drugs of choice in treating ocular hypertension and associated glaucoma. The currently available drugs are timolol, betaxolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, and carteolol. All reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. Although these drugs are applied locally in the eye, they may enter the general circulation and reach concentrations high enough to cause systemic effects, including alterations in heart rate and rhythm, bronchoconstriction, dyslipidemia, and central nervous system abnormalities. Interactions with other drugs may also occur. Ocular beta- blockers differ in beta 1-selectivity (betaxolol is beta 1-selective, whereas the other drugs are nonselective) and in intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or partial agonist properties (only carteolol possesses ISA). These differences give betaxolol and carteolol potential advantages in minimizing certain side effects. The advantage of betaxolol vis-à-vis systemic side effects is more clearly established than that of carteolol. Further systematic study is needed to determine what advantages, if any, are conferred by the presence of ISA.

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Betaxolol Eye Drops as a Safe Medication to Lower Intraocular Pressure

Abstract: Betaxolol, a cardioselective beta,-adrenergic antagonist, was used in a clinical trial in nine patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Considerations With Pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Considerations With Pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Ocular ??-Blockers in Glaucoma Management

Topical Ophthalmic β‐Adrenergic Blockade for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

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