Better Gingival Status in Patients with Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and Thyroiditis in Comparison with Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and No Thyroid Disease—A Preliminary Study

Duda-Sobczak, Anna; Zozulińska−Ziółkiewicz, Dorota; Wyganowska, Marzena

doi:10.3390/ijerph20043008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Lower caries prevalence corresponds with the lower plaque scores, which could mean that DM children have better oral health routines than healthy children [ 37 ]. We have found no significant difference in PI between children with and without DM, that is in line with other studies [ 67 ]. Dental plaque is the strongest risk factor of developing caries, and the fact that PI is similar in the two population elevates the evidence of the impact of DM on caries risk [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Triebl,

Bencze,

Bányai

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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Objective There are more than one million children and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and their number is steadily increasing. Diabetes affects oral health through numerous channels, including hyposalivation, immune suppression, and the inflammatory effect of glycation end-products. However, patients with type 1 diabetes must follow a strict sugar free diet that is proven to be carioprotective. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether children with type 1 diabetes have a difference in Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index (DMFT), salivary function, and periodontal status than children without diabetes, with an emphasis on glycemic control. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries were screened for articles, using predefined search keys without any language or date restrictions. Two independent authors performed the selection procedure, extracted data from the eligible articles, carried out a manual search of the reference lists, and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed in R using the random-effects model. Effect sizes were mean differences; subgroup analysis was performed on glycemic control. Results 33 studies satisfied the eligibility criteria. 22 studies did not show a significant difference regarding the DMFT index between the diabetes and non-diabetes groups; six studies found that children living with diabetes had higher DMFT scores, compared to five studies that found significantly lower scores. Meta-analysis found no statistically significant differences in plaque, gingival, and calculus indexes, however it found significant differences in pooled DMFT indexes, and salivary flow rate. Subgroup analysis on glycemic control using DMFT values found significant differences in children with good and poor glycemic control with results of 0.26 (CI95%=-0.50; 1.03) and 1.46 (CI95%=0.57; 2.35), respectively. Conclusions Children with poor glycemic control face higher risk of developing caries compared to good control and non-diabetes children. Regular dental check-ups and strict control of glycemic levels are highly advised for children living with type 1 diabetes, further emphasizing the importance of cooperation between dentists and diabetologists.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Triebl,

Bencze,

Bányai

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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“…Human clinical studies have indicated a deteriorated periodontal status among patients with thyroid disease [5,17]. There are several possible explanations for the association between periodontitis and AIT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with children in the control group, children affected by thyroid disorders exhibited a greater prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease [16]. In addition, a preliminary study suggested that individuals experiencing comorbidity of type 1 diabetes and thyroiditis exhibit improved gingival health compared to those with only type 1 diabetes and no thyroid disease [17].Biological plausibility supports a potential association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease. However, insu cient studies currently exist to de nitively establish a causal link between these two pathologies [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Genetic Causal Association between Periodontitis and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Zhang,

Mi,

Shang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Recent studies have reported associations between periodontitis and autoimmune disorders; however, it remains unclear whether the association between periodontitis and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is causal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal association between periodontitis and AIT. Methods We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for AIT were derived from 244 patients and 187,684 controls. The pooled periodontitis association data included up to 17,353 individuals. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used for the primary analysis. We applied two complementary methods, the weighted median and MR-Egger. Then, these causal estimates were expressed as dominance ratios [odds ratios (ORs)]. Results Genetically determined AIT did not have a causal effect on probing depth (PD) (IVW OR = 0.998, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.948 ~ 1.051, p = 0.952). Furthermore, we did not find a significant causal effect of PD on AIT in the reverse MR analysis (IVW OR = 1.044, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.789 ~ 1.382, p = 0.759). The MR-Egger regression and weighted median results were consistent with those of the IVW method. Horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to distort the causal estimates according to the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion Within the limits of MR studies, the outcomes neither supported periodontitis affecting autoimmune thyroiditis nor autoimmune thyroiditis affecting periodontitis.

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Bidirectional Association between Periodontitis and Thyroid Disease: A Scoping Review

Inchingolo,

Inchingolo

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Due to the development of chronic inflammation, periodontitis can contribute to the development of several systemic diseases, including thyroid disease. Thyroid pathology includes benign, malignant, and autoimmune conditions leading to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism. Alterations in thyroid hormones, especially hypothyroidism, can reveal significant oral manifestations, including periodontitis. This scoping review aims to explore the probable causal relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. The search strategy follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched from January 2014 to January 2024, entering the MESH terms “periodontitis” and “thyroid”. Of 153 initial records, 20 articles were selected and discussed. There is a high prevalence of periodontitis among patients with thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. The causes at the basis of this association are genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines. Periodontal treatment, specifically scaling and root planning, can ameliorate thyroid parameters. Although there are a few randomized controlled studies in the literature, this review lays the foundation for a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, the link to which is, once again, systemic inflammation.

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Better Gingival Status in Patients with Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and Thyroiditis in Comparison with Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and No Thyroid Disease—A Preliminary Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis

No Genetic Causal Association between Periodontitis and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Bidirectional Association between Periodontitis and Thyroid Disease: A Scoping Review

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