Better Late Than Never? On the Dynamics of Online Regulation of Sadness Using Distraction and Cognitive Reappraisal

Sheppes, Gal; Meiran, Nachshon

doi:10.1177/0146167207305537

Cited by 262 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, when compared, reappraisal seems to be more effective than distraction and suppression in reducing this experience in an antecedent manner (Goldin et al, 2008;McRae et al, 2010), but suppression seems more effective for reducing facial expressive behavior (Goldin et al, 2008). As for distraction, compared to reappraisal, more significant reductions in emotional experience and skin conductance responses are observed when the regulation is online (Sheppes, Catran, & Meiran, 2009;Sheppes & Meiran, 2007).…”

Section: Similar and Distinct Effects Of Emotion Regulation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sitting and silent meditation as a strategy to study emotion regulation.

Menezes

Pereira

Bizarro

2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Emotion regulation is the capacity to control the way in which people attend, perceive, process and react to emotional information. Practitioners of sitting and silent meditation develop a greater control of their mental processes, culminating in regulatory abilities that lead to well-being and emotional balance. In this paper we reviewed evidence from recent studies on neurophysiology and cognitive psychology on emotion regulation-focusing on negative emotions-and meditation in order to discuss their intertwining. This critical review showed that controlling attention and fostering a relaxation state are the main mechanisms for the interaction between emotion regulation and meditation. Importantly, it is suggested that the effects of meditation on emotion regulation should be conceptualized separately as those taking effect during the practice and those occurring as an outcome of such practice. Finally, it is highlighted that meditation should be conceived as a particular type of emotion regulation strategy, and that further studies comparing these strategies more directly are warranted.

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Section: Similar and Distinct Effects Of Emotion Regulation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, cognitive strategies can also be applied after emotion onset, during its course. This process has been coined online regulation (Sheppes & Meiran, 2007).…”

Section: Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sitting and silent meditation as a strategy to study emotion regulation.

Menezes

Pereira

Bizarro

2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…Hence it seems unlikely that, while playing a video game, users constantly engage in the effort necessary to remind them that "this is not real" and that "these are not characters but just pixels on a screen". Such an effort is likely to lead to psychological detachment (Cupchik, 2002), diminishing their affective responses, including enjoyment (Sheppes & Meiran, 2007, p. 1522). …”

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confidence: 99%

Just a Game? Unjustified Virtual Violence Produces Guilt in Empathetic Players

Hartmann¹,

Toz²,

Brandon³

2010

Media Psychology

111

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Many avid gamers discount violent conduct in video games as morally insignificant as "it is just a game". However, recent debates among users, regarding video games featuring inappropriate forms of virtual violence, suggest a more complex truth. Two experiments (N 1 = 49, N 2 = 80) examined users' guilt responses in order to explore the moral significance of virtual violence. In both studies, justification of virtual violence and users' trait empathy determined guilt in a structurally similar way to real-world scenarios: people felt guiltier if they engaged in unjustified virtual violence, especially if they were empathetic players. These results show that video games are capable of inducing affective moral responses in users. Accordingly, virtual violence may be considered morally significant action.Keywords: violence, video games, guilt, empathy, justification, morality (Bartle, 2008).Virtual violence may be defined as any behavior intended to do harm to another video game character, who is motivated to avoid the harm-doing (Anderson et al., 2008;Baron & Richardson, 1994). Shooting virtual characters for example, in first-person shooter video games, provides a typical example of virtual violence. While many studies have shown that virtual violence depicted in video games increases aggression in users (Anderson et al., 2010), surprisingly little is known about how users perceive and experience virtual violence themselves (e.g., Scharrer & Leone, 2006, Young & Whitty, 2010.Violent video games are designed for entertainment purposes. Consequently, regular violent game players do not typically feel as though they are doing something wrong when they shoot virtual characters. A frequent argument put forward by avid gamers is that they are well aware that the violence depicted in video games "is not real" (Ladas, 2002). For example, Klimmt, Schmid, Nosper, Vorderer, and Hartmann (2006, see also Whitty, Young, & Goodings, in press) asked avid gamers how they experience virtual violence personally. The majority of players replied that they enjoyed virtual violence as they believe that shooting virtual characters is "just a game" (comparable to chess) and has "nothing to do with killing". This suggests that players maintain a psychologically detached and unaffected stance when playing violent games and that virtual violence is too artificial to be considered morally significant and thus trigger any moral response in the user.RUNNING HEAD: Virtual Violence and Guilt 2 However, Klimmt et al.'s (2006) study suggests that users may also perceive and judge virtual violence in a moral way. In their study, a number of players indicated that they would find it disturbing if they accidentally shot a child, for example, or if painful injuries were depicted in the video game. Related discussion of "inappropriate" virtual violence also exists in the video game community. Many video game-related online blogs and forums recently featured heated debate regarding a mission included in the popular online-role-playing game "...

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“…Honela, -Berrebaluazioaren estrategia, normalean egokia dena, ez da egokia gertatu emozio biziko egoeretan (Sheppes, Catran & Meiran, 2009); emozio negatibo ahuleko egoeretan berrebaluazioa erabili nahiago dute pertsonek; baina, emozio negatibo biziak eragiten dituzten egoeretan nahiago dute distrakzioa erabili (Sheppes, Catran & Meiran, 2009;Sheppes & Meiran, 2007. Intentsitate baxuko kinadak berrebaluatzeko eta intentsitate altuko kinadetatik distraitzeko joera mantendu egiten da, baita jarrera aldatzeagatik partaideei dirua ematen zaienean ere (Sheppes, Scheibe, Suri & Gross, 2011).…”

Section: Zer-nolako Ondorenak Dituzte Emozioak Erregulatzeko Estrategunclassified