Background: Sleep disturbances are common among uremic patients. However, limited data are available on predictors of the quality of sleep in this population. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of sleep in patients undergoing hemodialysis and investigate its predictors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 197 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were consecutively included from three medical centers in Shiraz, southern Iran. They completed the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and hemoglobin levels were checked. We also assessed the neck circumference, dialysis shift, dialysis plan, diabetes history, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex.