Between-animal variation in biological efficiency as related to residual feed consumption

Luiting, P.; Urff, E.M.; Verstegen, M.W.A.

doi:10.18174/njas.v42i1.615

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The discrepancy between both sets of results could be related to the higher susceptibility to heat stress of lactating sows than growing pigs and also to the high relative humidity in the present study. This apparent higher susceptibility of RFI ─ sows to the TROP climate, as expressed by the reduction of appetite, is in agreement with the hypothesis that an animal with a low RFI could have fewer possibilities to cope with stress (Luiting et al, 1994). From that, it can be hypothesized that the energetic requirements for sustaining body temperature in hot conditions would exceed the residual part of energy intake in RFI ─ sows, leading to enhanced decline in heat production and ADFI.…”

Section: Impact Of Divergent Selection For Rfi On Performance Of Sowssupporting

confidence: 84%

Selection for residual feed intake in growing pigs: Effects on sow performance in a tropical climate1,2

Renaudeau

Gourdine

Fleury

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the consequences of a divergent selection for residual feed intake (RFI) during growth in a temperate environment (TEMP) on sow performance in a tropical environment (TROP). Sows came from a selection experiment conducted at INRA in which 2 lines were selected for larger (RFI(+)) or smaller (RFI(─)) feed intake than predicted from performance. In the first analysis, a subsample of data obtained in TROP conditions (49 lactations) was compared to those obtained in TEMP on their sibs mated with the same boars (54 lactations). In the second analysis, data obtained in the TROP environment (82 lactations) were analyzed for testing the effect of season (warm vs. hot) and line on sow performance. Except for the lactation length, the interaction between line and climatic environment was not significant for the others traits (P > 0.05). The ADFI expressed per kilogram of litter BW gain tended to be higher in the RFI(+) line bred in the TROP environment (P = 0.080), together with piglet BW at weaning, which tended to be lower (P = 0.080). The ADFI was lower in TROP than in TEMP (4.56 vs. 5.86 kg/d; P = 0.003), with negative consequence on litter BW gain and maternal BW loss. The RFI(-) sows tended to eat less feed than RFI(+) sows during lactation (4.55 vs. 5.86 kg/d; P = 0.099). Litter BW at weaning was higher in the RFI(─) line. The RFI(─) sows ate significantly less feed to produce 1 kg of litter than the RFI(+) sows and tended to lose a larger amount of BW during lactation than the RFI(+) sows (2.40 vs. 3.02 kg/kg and -0.66 vs. -0.39 kg/d, respectively, P < 0.10). Whatever the line, ADFI was reduced by about 21% in the hot season (P < 0.05). Litter BW gain was depressed (P < 0.05) in the hot season (1.72 vs. 2.08 kg/d in the warm season; P = 0.023). Lactation maternal BW loss tended to increase in the hot season (1.10 vs. 0.71 kg/d in the warm season; P = 0.016), but back fat loss remained constant (P = 0.295). In the TROP environment, the amount of feed required to produce 1 kg of litter was not influenced by the line in the warm season (2.53 kg/kg on average; P = 0.99), but it tended to be lower in the RFI(─) line when compared to the RFI(+) line in the hot season (2.06 vs. 3.45 kg/kg; P = 0.050). This higher apparent efficiency in RFI(─) sows was mainly related to greater maternal body reserve mobilization (i.e., BW and back fat losses). In conclusion, selection for low RFI during growth in a TEMP environment did not impair sow and litter performance in tropical conditions.

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Section: Impact Of Divergent Selection For Rfi On Performance Of Sowssupporting

confidence: 84%

Selection for residual feed intake in growing pigs: Effects on sow performance in a tropical climate1,2

Renaudeau

Gourdine

Fleury

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Calculated as the sum of fasting heat production and retained energy (Noblet et al, 1994); the latter is obtained as the difference between ME and total heat production. and broilers (Luiting et al, 1994;Carré et al, 2008) and in pigs (de Haer et al, 1993;present study). Differences in metabolism are assumed to be the major factor contributing to differences in feed efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Energy utilization in pigs selected for high and low residual feed intake1

Barea

Dubois

Gilbert

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

121

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Genetic selection on residual feed intake (RFI) can be used as an alternative method to G:F to improve feed efficiency in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of selection for RFI on digestive and metabolic utilization of energy in 2 lines of purebred French Large White castrated male pigs obtained from a divergent selection experiment over 6 generations. The RFI(+) (high RFI) line consumed more feed than predicted from performance compared with the RFI(-) (low RFI) line. Digestibility of energy and nutrients, total heat production (HP), HP related to physical activity, and energy and N balance were measured in respiration chambers for a 6-d period in pigs offered feed ad libitum. Pigs remained in the chamber for an additional day and did not receive any feed to estimate the fasting HP and calculate the thermic effect of feeding. Five pairs of 2 littermates from the same farrowing batch were used in each line. Because 2 respiration chambers were available for the trial, pigs were measured regularly during the 25- to 95-kg growing period. Two pigs per chamber were used until pigs reached 45 kg of BW, and 1 pig per chamber was used thereafter. Individual feed intake and BW gain were measured continuously from weaning to the end of the trial. Pigs were fed 3 diets with decreasing CP contents during the 25 to 45 (period 1), 45 to 65 (period 2), and 65 to 95 (period 3) kg of BW periods. Average daily feed intake was greater in RFI(+) pigs than in RFI(-) pigs between 25 and 65 kg of BW (2,128 vs. 1,891 g/d; P < 0.01) and G:F was 8% greater in RFI(-) pigs compared with RFI(+) pigs (P < 0.01). There was no line effect on digestibility coefficients or N retention, irrespective of the experimental period studied. Nitrogen retention was 31.2, 28.7, and 20.8 g/d at periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.001). The HP was greater in RFI(+) pigs than in RFI(-) pigs (1,497 vs. 1,383 kJ.kg of BW(-0.60).d(-1); P < 0.01), with no subsequent line effect on energy retention. The activity-related HP tended to be greater in RFI(+) pigs than in RFI(-) pigs (250 vs. 218 kJ.kg of BW(-0.60).d(-1); P = 0.09), and the fasting HP was 10% greater (P = 0.04) in RFI(+) pigs than in RFI(-) pigs (846 vs. 771 kJ.kg of BW(-0.60).d(-1)). The thermic effect of feeding, expressed as a percentage of ME intake, was the same for both lines of pigs (average, 14.7%). In conclusion, the RFI(+) pigs are energetically less efficient because of their greater HP related to physical activity and basal metabolic rate.

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“…Studies have shown that the lower energy losses as methane during digestion (Nkrumah et al, 2006) and greater energy retention as protein (Basarab et al, 2003) may also contribute to the better efficiency of feed use in low-RFI cattle. Other factors such as physical activity (Barea et al, 2010;Luiting et al, 1994) and responsiveness to stress (Knott et al, 2008; can also be linked to FE due to their impact on metabolic rate and, consequently, on the requirements of energy for maintenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein metabolism, feed energy partitioning, behavior patterns and plasma cortisol in Nellore steers with high and low residual feed intake

2013

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The objective was to evaluate protein turnover, nitrogen balance, feed energy partitioning, behavior patterns and plasma cortisol in Nellore (B. indicus) cattle with high and low residual feed intake (RFI = actual minus expected dry matter intake). Seventy-two Nellore steers (16 to 21 months-old, 334±19 kg initial body weight) were fed a feedlot diet for 70 days ad libitum. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded individually and RFI was calculated. The 12 steers of lowest (Low-RFI, most efficient) RFI and the 12 ones of highest RFI (High-RFI, least efficient) were evaluated with respect to their behavior patterns and plasma cortisol concentration. Urine was collected for determination of daily 3-methylhistidine excretion (3MH) and myofibrillar protein breakdown rates. Urinary, gaseous and fecal energy losses were determined as well as the N retention and excretion. High-RFI steers tended to have shorter lying and idle periods and greater feeding time and plasma cortisol levels than low-RFI cattle. No RFI effects were seen for urine 3MH excretion and for rates of protein degradation and synthesis. No effects of efficiency class were observed for N excretion or N retention. No RFI effects were observed for dry matter digestibility, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content and DE/ME ratio. Methane energy losses were lower for low-compared with high-RFI steers. Protein turnover seems not to affect feed efficiency in Nellore steers. Improved RFI in Nellore steers is probably associated with lower degrees of activity and responsiveness to stress and lower losses of dietary energy as methane.

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Between-animal variation in biological efficiency as related to residual feed consumption

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Selection for residual feed intake in growing pigs: Effects on sow performance in a tropical climate1,2

Selection for residual feed intake in growing pigs: Effects on sow performance in a tropical climate1,2

Energy utilization in pigs selected for high and low residual feed intake1

Protein metabolism, feed energy partitioning, behavior patterns and plasma cortisol in Nellore steers with high and low residual feed intake

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