Between court and counts: Carolingian Catalonia and the <i>aprisio</i> grant, 778–897

Chandler, Cullen J.

doi:10.1111/1468-0254.00099

Cited by 20 publications

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“…Archaeological and documentary data support the existence of monastic cells near the Castelló lagoon: Sant Pere de Rodes since the 8 th century [ 33 ], and Sant Quirze de Colera and Sant Joan Sescloses since the 9 th century AD [ 92 , 94 ] ( Fig 1B ). The colonization of this frontier zone was incited by Carolingians through the “aprisió” landholding system, granting ownership of undeveloped lands to new settlers through their clearance and cultivation [ 95 ]. The implementation of this system largely impacted the Empordà basin by putting in place an overall open coastal landscape.…”

Section: Discussion: Environmental History and Human Management Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Evolution in a Mediterranean Microtidal Zone: Mid to Late Holocene Natural Dynamics and Human Management of the Castelló Lagoon, NE Spain

et al. 2016

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We present a palaeoenvironmental study of the Castelló lagoon (NE Spain), an important archive for understanding long-term interactions between dynamic littoral ecosystems and human management. Combining geochemistry, mineralogy, ostracods, diatoms, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal and archaeo-historical datasets we reconstruct: 1) the transition of the lagoon from a marine to a marginal environment between ~3150 cal BC to the 17th century AD; 2) fluctuations in salinity; and 3) natural and anthropogenic forces contributing to these changes. From the Late Neolithic to the Medieval period the lagoon ecosystem was driven by changing marine influence and the land was mainly exploited for grazing, with little evidence for impact on the natural woodland. Land-use exploitation adapted to natural coastal dynamics, with maximum marine flooding hampering agropastoral activities between ~1550 and ~150 cal BC. In contrast, societies actively controlled the lagoon dynamics and become a major agent of landscape transformation after the Medieval period. The removal of littoral woodlands after the 8th century was followed by the expansion of agrarian and industrial activities. Regional mining and smelting activities polluted the lagoon with heavy metals from the ~11th century onwards. The expansion of the milling industry and of agricultural lands led to the channelization of the river Muga into the lagoon after ~1250 cal AD. This caused its transformation into a freshwater lake, increased nutrient load, and the infilling and drainage of a great part of the lagoon. By tracking the shift towards an anthropogenically-controlled system around ~750 yr ago, this study points out Mediterranean lagoons as ancient and heavily-modified systems, with anthropogenic impacts and controls covering multi-centennial and even millennial timescales. Finally, we contributed to the future construction of reliable seashell-based chronologies in NE Spain by calibrating the Banyuls-sur-Mer ΔR offset with ceramic imports from the Emporiae archaeological site.

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Section: Discussion: Environmental History and Human Management Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Evolution in a Mediterranean Microtidal Zone: Mid to Late Holocene Natural Dynamics and Human Management of the Castelló Lagoon, NE Spain

et al. 2016

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“…Instead of sovereign borders as we know them today, we see frontiers and shatter zones, especially when there exists unclaimed land and wilderness into which dissatisfied populations can disappear (Adelman and Aron 1999). This was a common pattern from the desert frontier of the northern Sahara (Oliver and Atmore 2001, 37), to the hill tracts of Southeast Asia (Tambiah 1977, Geertz 1980, Scott 2009, to the Spanish March of pre-modern Catalonia (Chandler 2002).…”

Section: Clarifications Benefits and Controversiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between Eurocentrism and Babel: A Framework for the Analysis of States, State Systems, and International Orders

Butcher

Griffiths

2017

International Studies Quarterly

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Mindful of the growing interest in non-Western and pre-modern political systems, we propose a framework for the analysis of states, state systems, and international orders. We provide a culturally neutral definition of the state and outline a method for assessing variation in political organization both within and above the state. Our framework cleanly delineates hierarchy from anarchy and can be applied to a diverse set of state systems. We then show how the content of international order inter-relates with system structure and the local density (interaction capacity) of a region. We argue that our framework captures similarities-and exposes differencesbetween different systems and orders over time and space. It strikes a balance between the traditional focus on the Western experience and the current trend toward regional studies in which it is difficult to accumulate knowledge in a rigorous manner.

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2012

Caliphs and Kings

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Between court and counts: Carolingian Catalonia and the aprisio grant, 778–897

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Coastal Evolution in a Mediterranean Microtidal Zone: Mid to Late Holocene Natural Dynamics and Human Management of the Castelló Lagoon, NE Spain

Coastal Evolution in a Mediterranean Microtidal Zone: Mid to Late Holocene Natural Dynamics and Human Management of the Castelló Lagoon, NE Spain

Between Eurocentrism and Babel: A Framework for the Analysis of States, State Systems, and International Orders

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