Between Geometry and Biology: The Problem of Universality of the Species-Area Relationship

Šizling, Arnošt L.; Kunin, William E.; Šizlingová, Eva; Reif, Jiří; Storch, David

doi:10.1086/662176

Cited by 61 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…z diversity can also be used to examine the empirical relationship between the SAR and species turnover (as Sizling et al 2011 andGrilli et al 2012 did for b diversity). The relationship between the exponent z and the coefficient d of z diversity follows the general form z p ln(S n / S n ϩ 1 )/ln(n/(n ϩ 1)), from equation (1).…”

Section: Species Accumulation Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeta Diversity as a Concept and Metric That Unifies Incidence-Based Biodiversity Patterns

Hui

McGeoch

2014

The American Naturalist

154

268

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Online enhancements: appendix, zip file. abstract: Patterns in species incidence and compositional turnover are central to understanding what drives biodiversity. Here we propose zeta (z) diversity, the number of species shared by multiple assemblages, as a concept and metric that unifies incidence-based diversity measures, patterns, and relationships. Unlike other measures of species compositional turnover, zeta diversity partitioning quantifies the complete set of diversity components for multiple assemblages, comprehensively representing the spatial structure of multispecies distributions. To illustrate the application and ecological value of zeta diversity, we show how it scales with sample number, grain, and distance. Zeta diversity reconciles several different biodiversity patterns, including the species accumulation curve, the species-area relationship, multispecies occupancy patterns, and scaling of species endemism. Exponential and power-law forms of zeta diversity are associated with stochastic versus niche assembly processes. Zeta diversity may provide new insights on biodiversity patterns, the processes driving them, and their response to environmental change.

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Section: Species Accumulation Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeta Diversity as a Concept and Metric That Unifies Incidence-Based Biodiversity Patterns

Hui

McGeoch

2014

The American Naturalist

154

268

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“…Multiple authors have pointed out that the magnitude of the scaling factor in the power model (z) is directly related to the level of compositional turnover, with increasing area generating a greater gain in the number of species where b-diversity is high (MacArthur, 1965;Arita & Rodr ıguez, 2002;Tjørve & Tjørve, 2008;Sizling et al, 2011;McGlinn & Hurlbert, 2012). Under the classical species-area power model (S = cA z ), the number of species (S) expected to be found in a location is a function of the area considered (A) raised to the power of a scaling factor (z) and multiplied by a constant (c) which is equivalent to the number of species in one unit area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling pairwise β‐diversity and α‐diversity with area

Mokany

Jones

Harwood

2013

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The relationship between species richness (α‐diversity) and area is well studied; however, the way in which compositional dissimilarity between pairs of sites (β‐diversity) scales with area has only recently attracted research attention. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of how both α‐ and β‐diversity scale with area, to illuminate ecological processes structuring the distribution of biodiversity and enable prediction of α‐ and β‐diversity for large regions from much smaller samples. Location We examined both simulated spatial community data and measurements from tropical forest tree plots in Panama. Methods We applied the simulated and measured community data to assess how both α‐ and β‐diversity scale with area. Then we examined how accurately community α‐diversity and pairwise β‐diversity can be extrapolated from small sample areas of different size within each community, using the species–area power relationship. Results For both the simulated and tree plot data, pairwise β‐diversity scaled with area in a corresponding manner to the much more familiar species–area relationship. By altering the attributes of the simulated communities, we found that α‐ and β‐diversity saturated at smaller areas where abundances were more even, species distributions were less aggregated and regional richness was lower. Estimates of α‐ and β‐diversity for a pair of communities generally increased in accuracy with the size of the local sample areas from which extrapolations were made. Main conclusions These analyses suggest that the most robust estimates of α‐ and β‐diversity for a larger area will be obtained by local samples that are greater than 10% the size of that larger area. Our results emphasize the fundamental link in how both α‐ and β‐diversity scale with area, and demonstrate how simple knowledge of these scaling relationships can be used to predict the diversity of larger areas from smaller samples.

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“…The type of OGU (zone) on which the diversity is calculated does not matter and neither does the order of magnitude of the área that is considered (pedotypes, vegetation series, clusters of SMUs, and bioclimatic belts). The parameter z of the curve always ranges between 0.20 and 0.40 (Bordá-de-Agua et al, 2002;Harte et al, 1999;Ibáfiez et al, 2009;May, 1975;Ostling et al, 2003;San-José and Caniego, 2013;Sizling et al, 2011;Sugihara and May, 1990). The only relationship that does not fit the power curve is the área of SMU and the number of basic pedotypes (PT).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific aims of this paper are (i) to test if a power law, the "fingerprint of fractal geometry" (Bordá-de-Agua et al, 2002;Harte et al, 1999;Ibáfiez et al, 2009;Mandelbrot, 1977;May, 1975;Ostling et al, 2003;San-José and Caniego, 2013;Sizling et al, 2011;Sugihara and May, 1990), can describe the area-richness relationships of vegetation series, pedotypes and bioclimatic belts (a diversities), where the áreas are defined in turn by the áreas of soil associations of basic pedotypes (SMU), the áreas of clusters of SMU based on their basic pedotype content, the áreas of vegetation series or potential natural vegetation (PNV) and the áreas of bioclimatic belts (BB); and (ii) to test the strength of the correlation between the B diversities (Magurran, 2004;Whittaker, 1975) of zones of a map layer described by zones of other layers. This means, according to Mantel (1967), Mantel and Valand (1970) and in terms of similarity theory (Feoli and Orlóci, 2011), quantifying the correlation between the different sets of variables used to describe independently the same set of zones, or in other words to measure the predictivity of one set of variables with respect to another set (Feoli and Orlóci, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using spatial data mining to analyze area-diversity patterns among soil, vegetation, and climate: A case study from Almería, Spain

et al. 2017

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Area-pedodiversity, area-vegetation diversity, area-bioclimatic belts, diversity and pedodiversity-vegetation diversity-bioclimatic diversity relationships were analyzed for the most arid región of Western Europe (SE Spain). The study is novel in that it analyzed these relationships using as operational geographic units (OGUs) the set of polygons belonging to the same character state (i.e., typology) that defines a zone in a given thematic map. We considered three thematic maps: 1) the map of soil associations (SMU) with 303 different soil associations (i.e., 303 áreas orzones); 2) the map ofpotential vegetation (PNV) with 40 vegetation series orzones and 3) the map of bioclimatic belts (BB) with 7 bioclimatic zones. Using GIS tools, we analyzed the contents (richness) of soil mapping units (polygons) with regard to vegetation series and bioclimatic belts as well as the contents of vegetation series and bioclimatic belts with regard to SMU. The results indícate that the relationships between the área and the richness of zones follow a power law, the "fingerprint of fractal geometry", irrespective of the way the área has been defined and their relative magnitude (the áreas defined by SMU are the smallest, while the áreas defined by bioclimatic belts are the largest). The results also indícate a significant correlation between the a diversities of the zones and between their |3 diversities. We conclude that the methods used to measure such correlations, based on a and |3 diversities are useful to investígate and quantify the relationships between the pedosphere, vegetation and climate.

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Between Geometry and Biology: The Problem of Universality of the Species-Area Relationship

Cited by 61 publications

References 47 publications

Zeta Diversity as a Concept and Metric That Unifies Incidence-Based Biodiversity Patterns

Zeta Diversity as a Concept and Metric That Unifies Incidence-Based Biodiversity Patterns

Scaling pairwise β‐diversity and α‐diversity with area

Using spatial data mining to analyze area-diversity patterns among soil, vegetation, and climate: A case study from Almería, Spain

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