“…This article explores experimental governance through the role of urban governments and administrations (municipalities) in the development of and/or facilitation of Urban Living Labs (ULL). Previous research has indicated that cities can be innovative sites for climate politics (Bulkeley & Betsill, 2013;Bulkeley & Castán Broto, 2013;Bulkeley, Castán Broto, Mike, & Simon, 2011;Hoppe, Graf, Warbroek, Lammers, & Lepping, 2015;Kivimaa, Hildén, Huitema, Jordan, & Newig, 2015;Lundqvist & Kasa, 2016;Wejs, 2014) and for sustainability and environmental transitions (Frantzeskaki, Wittmayer, & Loorbach, 2014;van der Heijden, 2015avan der Heijden, , 2015bWittmayer, van Steenbergen, Rok, & Corda, 2016) and that city-based experiments can be scaled up and transferred to other contexts and eventually generate a broader system change (Geels, 2011;Hodson & Marvin, 2010;Sassen, 2015;van der Heijden, 2016).…”