Between subsidiarity and social assistance – the French republican route to activation

Enjolras, Bernard; Laville, Jean Louis; Fraisse, Laurent; Trickey, Heather

doi:10.2307/j.ctt1t895rh.7

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This is perhaps clearest in France. Specific governmental employment measures have been systematically directed to groups excluded from unemployment insurance, and particularly young people (Daniel and Tuchszirer 1999; Enjorlas et al 2001). At the same time, contractual approaches to benefit delivery were pioneered not in the insurance core of the unemployment benefit system, but rather at its assistance margins, in the name of the fight against social exclusion.…”

Section: Unemployment Policy Change In Belgium France Germany and Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental Drift: On Unemployment Policy Change in Bismarckian Welfare States

Clegg

2007

Soc Policy Adm

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This article analyses the development of unemployment policies over the past  years in four continental European countries: Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands. It shows that, far from being as 'frozen' as many analysts have suggested, each of these Bismarckian welfare states has in fact seen considerable change in this policy sector in recent decades. In Belgium, France and Germany, significant changes in unemployment policy reforms have unfolded gradually, through an accumulation of small changes. This finding offers some support to recent theorizing on the potential for policy changes that are both incremental and transformative. However, while such processes have led to shifts in unemployment policy that are far from negligible, the article also argues that they fall short of those seen in this policy sector in other welfare institutional contexts as well as in the Netherlands, where substantive reforms have in the last decade been complemented with changes to the institutional framework for unemployment policy. Through its analysis of the relationship between the institutional features of these welfare states and the possibility frontier of unemployment policy reform, the article develops a nuanced perspective on the scope for and resistance to social policy change in continental Europe.

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Section: Unemployment Policy Change In Belgium France Germany and Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental Drift: On Unemployment Policy Change in Bismarckian Welfare States

Clegg

2007

Soc Policy Adm

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“…Solidarity Employment Contracts (CES), enacted in 1989 (Enjolras et al, 2000;Palier, 2000). 9 There are exceptions -sickness (verified by a physician), pregnant or with a child under 6 years old, small children and child care not available -although people in these groups can participate if they want to.…”

Section: Those Who Remainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Citizenship and Workfare in the US and Western Europe: From Status to Contract

Handler

2003

Journal of European Social Policy

120

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A major goal in workfare policies is to re-integrate the socially excluded into full citizenship. I examine the experience in the US and compare the current reforms in selected Western European countries. I argue that current policies of inclusion necessarily exclude. Workfare contemplates an individual `contract' between the agency and the client. I concentrate on the implementation issues - the characteristics and constraints on the welfare worker-client relationship. While there are positive achievements, there is disturbing evidence that the most vulnerable are still being excluded. I suggest reforms for those who remain - separating benefits from services, re-designing incentives for service workers, and eliminating sanctions.

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“…The subsidies appear to have induced an excess supply of poorly paid on-the-job training offers, 11 with a corresponding shortage of long-term vacancies. Despite its additionality rules, the CES, one of the largest job-creation schemes in the non-pro t sectors, is thought to have led to substitution of 'normal' labour by about twothirds of employers involved (Enjolras et al 2000). In practice what this means is that potentially full-time jobs were split between two unemployed people so that each could take 20 hours per week; wage degradation may also have occurred in some instances.…”

Section: 'Cumul' Tax Credits Wage Subsidies and The Speenhamland Efmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In France, only 5 per cent of those leaving registered unemployment lost unemployment bene ts because of sanctions in 1999, making sanctionees a much lower proportion of the claimant stock than in the other countries. Sanctions for RMIstes are very rare, a mere 0.03 per cent of cases in 1999 (Enjolras et al 2000).…”

Section: The Conditionality Of Bene T Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 200,000 insertion jobs in the non-pro t sector offer a mere 20 hours per week at the hourly 'SMIC', the statutory minimum wage (Enjolras et al 2000) and 215,000 unemployed are registered with non-pro t temporary help agencies for erratic short assignments (Lévy 2000). These arrangements are feasible only because of the facilities for 'cumul' as described earlier, making it likely that 'cumul' has contributed to the substitution effects described by Enjolras.…”

Section: Speenhamland and 'Cumul'mentioning

confidence: 99%

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European perspectives on welfare reform: A tale of two vicious circles?

Gray¹

2002

European Societies

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This paper discusses the effects of 'welfare to work' and 'making work pay' policies such as tax credits on job quality in the wider labour market. It examines the consequences of two policy approaches to the problem of work incentives for the unemployed. One approach is greater conditionality of bene ts systems, of which the extreme case is workfare; the other is transfers to supplement low wages. It is argued that both approaches, individually or in combination, threaten to set up vicious circles, creating yet more of the problems they attempt to solve. Through qualitative interview material from Britain, France, Germany and Belgium, from a recent international project supported by the EU, 1 the paper illustrates how the responses of the unemployed to the four countries' bene ts systems and insertion programmes structure the effects of these policies on the labour market.

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Between subsidiarity and social assistance – the French republican route to activation

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Continental Drift: On Unemployment Policy Change in Bismarckian Welfare States

Continental Drift: On Unemployment Policy Change in Bismarckian Welfare States

Social Citizenship and Workfare in the US and Western Europe: From Status to Contract

European perspectives on welfare reform: A tale of two vicious circles?

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