Between Symbol and Antisymbol - The Meaning of Trauma Reconsidered

Concept Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

“…Explicitly addressing the appraised meaning of an event may be a beneficial approach to therapy for individuals experiencing PTSD (Park, Mills, & Edmondson, 2012). Another view is that trauma destroys an individual's capacity to create meaning, damaging the predictability of the world and challenging long-held personal beliefs (Bonomi, 2003). Themes that arise include helplessness, rage, fear, loss, shame, guilt, view of a dangerous world, self-blame, lack of self-worth, mistrust of others, and preparing for future danger (Mitchell et al, 2006;Newman et al, 1997).…”

Meaning-making process related to temporality during breast cancer traumatic experience: The clinical use of narrative to promote a new continuity of life

“…Disrupted time organization caused by the traumatic experience immobilizes the mind in an infinite present, sometimes characterized by an obsession with the nostalgic past and sometimes with the future (Bonomi, 2003). The dramatic discontinuity, a result of the quality of the event, opens a dichotomous view of life; staying alive in a past full of expectations and projects or staying rooted in the certainty of a future in which anything is possible.…”

A Neuro-Psychoanalytical Dialogue for Bridging Freud and the Neurosciences

“…Bonomi 2003 ;. One reaction to a trauma may be to project it forward as a fear of a future occurrence, thereby undoing/denying the past trauma and making its mastery possible.…”