Bevacizumab: A new take on therapy of muscle phase of Trichinella spiralis infection

Rayia, Dina Abou; Othman, Ahmad A.; Harras, Samar; Helal, Duaa S; Dawood, Lamees M.; Soliman, Shaimaa

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106409

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Interestingly, the process of nurse cell complex formation in the muscular phase of trichinellosis is associated with overexpression of the VEGF gene as a major inducer of angiogenesis in the surrounding capsule (Othman et al 2016 ; Elmehy et al 2021 ). Therefore, angiogenesis can be evaluated by estimating the level of VEGF gene expression besides measuring the MVD through immunohistochemical staining of specific endothelial cell markers such as CD31 (Rayia et al 2022 ). In the present study, muscular tissues of the infected non-treated control showed higher expression of CD31 immunohistochemical staining (strong MVD) and VEGF gene, denoting that underlying T. spiralis infection upregulates the angiogenesis process, and this confirms the previously reported results (Rayia et al 2022 ; Fadil et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, angiogenesis can be evaluated by estimating the level of VEGF gene expression besides measuring the MVD through immunohistochemical staining of specific endothelial cell markers such as CD31 (Rayia et al 2022 ). In the present study, muscular tissues of the infected non-treated control showed higher expression of CD31 immunohistochemical staining (strong MVD) and VEGF gene, denoting that underlying T. spiralis infection upregulates the angiogenesis process, and this confirms the previously reported results (Rayia et al 2022 ; Fadil et al 2022 ). Evaluation of CD31 immunohistochemical staining and VEGF gene among infected mice received different treatment regimens displayed lower expression denoting downregulation of the underlying angiogenic process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microvessel density (MVD) proliferation was evaluated by measuring the average number of CD31 positive-stained endothelial cells. Paraffin sections with 4 µm thickness from the tongue of mice at the muscular phase (Groups B1–B10) were mounted on electrically positive charged glass slides for the further immune staining procedure according to Cury et al ( 2020 ) and Rayia et al ( 2022 ) using CD31 monoclonal antibody (Cell Marque, Rocklin, CA, USA; clone JC70, mouse monoclonal) at 1:100 dilutions. Standard negative and positive control sections were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Hassan,

El-Sayed,

Zekry

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Trichinellosis is one of the global food-borne parasitic diseases that can cause severe tissue damage. The traditionally used drugs for the treatment of trichinellosis have limited efficacy against the encysted larvae in the muscular phase of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin against different phases of Trichinella in experimentally infected mice. A total of 120 male Swiss albino mice were divided into two major groups (n = 60 of each), intestinal and muscular phases. Then, each group was subdivided into 10 subgroups (n = 6); non-infected control, infected non-treated control, infected ivermectin treated, infected atorvastatin treated, infected mesenchymal stem cells treated, infected combined ivermectin and atorvastatin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and ivermectin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and a full dose of (ivermectin and atorvastatin) treated, and infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and half dose of (ivermectin and atorvastatin) treated. Mice were sacrificed at days 5 and 35 post-infection for the intestinal and muscular phases, respectively. The assessment was performed through many parameters, including counting the adult intestinal worms and muscular encysted larvae, besides histopathological examination of the underlying tissues. Moreover, a biochemical assay for the inflammatory and oxidative stress marker levels was conducted. In addition, levels of immunohistochemical CD31 and VEGF gene expression as markers of angiogenesis during the muscular phase were investigated. The combined mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin added to ivermectin showed the highest significant reduction in adult worms and encysted larvae counts, the most noticeable improvement of the histopathological changes, the most potent anti-inflammatory (lowest level of IL-17) and anti-angiogenic (lowest expression of CD31 and VEGF) activities, and also revealed the highly effective one to relieve the oxidative stress (lowest level of SOD, GSH, and lipid peroxidase enzymes). These observed outcomes indicate that adding mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin to ivermectin synergistically potentiates its therapeutic efficacy and provides a promising candidate against trichinellosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Hassan,

El-Sayed,

Zekry

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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“…Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease that is initiated by roundworms of the genus Trichinella spp. (Abou Rayia, et al, 2022) and worldwide distributed in almost 30% of countries with a record of about 10000 cases/year (Pozio, 2007;Rawla and Sharma, 2022). Trichinella is the smallest nematode parasitizing humans with a clinically significant impact (Pozio, 2015).…”

Section: Trichinellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed their larvicidal activity against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vectors (Elumalai et al, 2017). Most trichinellosis drugs showed limited bioavailability, a high degree of resistance, and weak action against encysted larvae (Abou Rayia et al, 2022;Khedr et al, 2023).…”

Section: Nanoparticles (Nps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mini Review of New Potential Therapeutic Strategies Against Trichinellosis

Ebrahim,

Elkhawass,

Nabil

et al. 2024

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology

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Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode transmitted through the consumption of contaminated meat. The study aims to provide comprehensive information on various aspects of trichinellosis, including its manifestations, conventional treatment methods, and emerging antitrichinellosis strategies using nanoparticles is a promising approach to overcoming the challenges posed by conventional trichinellosis treatments. The infection begins when a host ingests meat containing infective larvae of T. spiralis. The adult worms release newborn larvae (NBL) that enter the bloodstream. These NBL invade striated skeletal muscle cells and establish nurse cell-parasite complexes within the muscle tissue. Trichinella causes a public health impact and economic costs related to pig husbandry and food safety. As the prevalence of trichinellosis remains a concern, continued research, surveillance, and public awareness efforts are essential to mitigate the impact of this parasitic infection on human health and the food industry. Pursuing new and effective treatments for trichinellosis remains imperative, and ongoing research efforts are exploring innovative strategies to address the limitations of existing drugs and enhance their therapeutic outcomes. Several studies highlight the potential of specific antigens for developing vaccines that could offer protective immunity against T. spiralis infection, providing valuable insights for future research in parasitology and vaccine development. In conclusion, the integration of nanotechnology and nanoparticles holds promise for revolutionizing drug delivery systems, improving therapeutic outcomes, and offering novel approaches to treat various diseases, including parasitic infections like trichinellosis. Ongoing research in this field is likely to unveil more innovative applications and solutions in the future.

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Light microscopical and parasitological analyses revealed the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles and various myrrh extracts against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Elossily,

Abd‐ELrahman,

Khedr

et al. 2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Trichinella spiralis infection is a food‐borne zoonotic disease caused by nematodes that dwell in the tissues, presenting a significant public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), myrrh biosynthesized AgNPs “AgNPs synthesized using plant‐based green technologies”, myrrh extract, and myrrh essential oil, as alternative treatments against T. spiralis infection. Parasitological, histopathological, and cytotoxicity assessments were conducted to investigate the effects of various concentrations of these treatments in reducing the populations of adult worms and larvae during both the intestinal and muscular phases of T. spiralis‐infected mice. The results showed that the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis was achieved by myrrh extract (86.66%), followed closely by AgNPs (84.96%) and myrrh AgNPs (82.51%) at higher concentrations (800 mg/kg for myrrh extract, 40 μg/mL for AgNPs, and 40 μg/mL for myrrh AgNPs). While the group treated with myrrh essential oil showed the lowest percentage of adult reduction (78.14%). However, all treatments demonstrated comparable effects in reducing the larvae population in the muscle phase. Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh. Additionally, a comprehensive assessment of the cytotoxicity of AgNPs indicated low toxicity levels. This study supports that AgNPs synthesized using plant‐based green technologies hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of T. spiralis infection. These findings present a promising avenue for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs that are both effective and safe.Research Highlights Myrrh extract has the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis. Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh. During intestinal phase of T. spiralis, varying levels of nanoparticle precipitation were detected in the liver, brain, lung, and intestine. During the muscular phase, the highest amount of AgNPs precipitation was detected in the liver, followed by the brain, and lung.

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Bevacizumab: A new take on therapy of muscle phase of Trichinella spiralis infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

A mini Review of New Potential Therapeutic Strategies Against Trichinellosis

Light microscopical and parasitological analyses revealed the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles and various myrrh extracts against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

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