Beverages Consumption and Oral Health in the Aging Population: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Little study has yet been made of the effect of different beverages on oral health outcomes in the aging population. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the association between different beverages, including alcohol intake, coffee, milk, tea, and sugary drinks, and a cluster of oral health outcomes, including periodontal disease, oral dysbiosis, and tooth loss in older adults. The literature was screened from the inception up to May 2021 using six different electronic databases. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility of 1308 retrieved articles regarding inclusion criteria; only 12 fitted the eligibility requirements, representing 16 beverage entries. A minimum age of 60 was the inclusion criterion. No exclusion criteria were applied to outcomes assessment tools, recruiting facilities (hospital or community), general health status, country, and study type (longitudinal or cross-sectional). The consumption of alcoholic beverages was expressed as alcohol intake in all eligible studies, thereby replacing alcoholic beverages in the analysis. The quality of evidence was judged as moderate for alcohol and low or very low for beverages. In regard to oral health in the elderly, the review identified information on alcohol (56.25%), followed by coffee (18.75%), milk (12.50%), tea (6.25%), and sugary drinks (6.25%). Alcohol, sugary drinks, and coffee were found to be related to tooth loss. Periodontal disease was inversely related to coffee and milk, but fostered by alcohol consumption. In one article, tea but not coffee seemed to improve oral microbiota. In summary, alcohol seems to be a driver for tooth loss and periodontal disease in the aging population. However, more research is needed to gain a more solid knowledge in this research area.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42021256386.

Effect of Coffee on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immortalized Human Oral Keratinocytes

“…The oral cavity is the first organ of the body to come in contact with coffee, and residual coffee components in the oral cavity after drinking may affect the health of periodontal tissues. Most studies have confirmed the benefits of coffee consumption in periodontal health [ 23 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In addition, CGA in coffee has a direct inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis [ 39 ].…”

Coffee Drinking and Adverse Physical Outcomes in the Aging Adult Population: A Systematic Review

“…Physiologically speaking, aging occurs with a pattern of sensory decline [ 3 , 34 ], translating into reduced appetite and sensory perception, which are well-known dimensions underlying frailty, sarcopenia, and physical decline [ 35 , 36 ]. This sensory deficiency carries serious implications for safety, nutrition, quality of life, and social relationships [ 37 ].…”

The contradictory effects of coffee intake on periodontal health: a systematic review

“…In addition, the recent replacement of cream with skimmed milk powder in the coffee mix is thought to be helpful in preventing osteoporosis, thus can also be protective against periodontal bone loss. 10,18 Milk belongs to dairy products, with calcium and casein content that is helpful in bone and tooth mineral preservation. 18 Other explanation of the coffee protective effect against alveolar bone loss is also presented by Ng et al It was stated that caffeine has immunomodulatory actions by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphatase (cAMP)-phospodiesterase, thus increasing the concentration of intracellular cAMP.…”

“…10,18 Milk belongs to dairy products, with calcium and casein content that is helpful in bone and tooth mineral preservation. 18 Other explanation of the coffee protective effect against alveolar bone loss is also presented by Ng et al It was stated that caffeine has immunomodulatory actions by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphatase (cAMP)-phospodiesterase, thus increasing the concentration of intracellular cAMP. 9 Another supporting result was also presented by Machida et al that observed the effect of consuming coffee during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy.…”