The so-called "animal turn", having been on the agenda for around 15 years in the humanities and social sciences, is gaining force also in the educational sciences, typically with an orientation toward posthumanist ontologies. One particular space where educational "more-than-human" relations are debated is the field of education for sustainable development (ESD). This paper responds to two recent contributions to this debate, both positioned within ESD frameworks. The purpose of this response is two-fold: First, to give a critical account of the knowledge claims of the two articles, their overlaps and divergences, as well as their implications for pedagogical practice and their potential consequences for the position of animals in education and in society at large. The meaning and usefulness of analytic tools such as "critical pluralism" and "immanent critique" in relation to animals in education is discussed, as well as whose realities are represented in ESD, revealing contested spaces of teaching and learning manifested through an "enlightened distance" to anthropocentrism in-between compliance and change. The second purpose is to sketch a foundation of reflective practice for critical animal pedagogies, offering a critical theory-based form of resistance against recent posthumanist configurations of the "animal question" in education and beyond.Educ. Sci. 2019, 9, 211 2 of 11 development (for instance, improving their reading skills) [8]. Animals are furthermore used in some outdoor education practices, and in study visits to zoos (where their captivity is often normalized and rarely rendered problematic; see [10].) The animal industries also heavily target schools through materials such as films, books, farm visits with free food samples, products in the school cafeteria, advertising, vending machines, sponsorships, and even through offering complete pedagogical plans tailored to fit with the school curriculum and fulfil learning objectives [11][12][13]. Although educational institutions are not the only societal actors contributing to organizing and forming human-animal relationships, the education system occupies a particular space as norm-(re)producer and legitimizer of certain knowledge forms, social orders, and practices, where animals figure in asymmetrical power arrangements [10]. The way education theory and practice explicitly or implicitly acknowledge the problem of animals in education, thus, has consequences for the life conditions of both animals and humans in and beyond institutionalized settings of teaching and learning, as well as for fraught society/nature demarcations at large. As we shall see, this problem complex is made visible in particular ways in contested spaces of ESD.Recognizing the wide range of scholarly and scholar-activist work on animals in education (e.g., [11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]), the present paper provides a critical response to two particular co-authored contributions to the nascent area of animals in ESD research: Bruckner and Kowa...