Beyond associations: Sensitivity to structure in pre-schoolers’ linguistic predictions

Gambi, Chiara; Pickering, Martin J.; Rabagliati, Hugh

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.003

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, it may also be that adults’ ability to adapt to the current linguistic environment is a consequence of language learning occurring through prediction and error minimization. In this vein, several researchers have proposed that prediction is important for language acquisition (e.g., Chang, Dell, & Bock, ; Gambi, Pickering, & Rabagliati, ; Ylinen, Bosseler, Junttila, & Huotilainen, ). To explore this question, we examine whether 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children draw on recently encountered information to revise their predictions about the likely syntactic category of upcoming words, and exploit these revised predictions to infer novel words’ meanings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three‐ to Four‐Year‐Old Children Rapidly Adapt Their Predictions and Use Them to Learn Novel Word Meanings

et al. 2018

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Adults create and update predictions about what speakers will say next. This study asks whether prediction can drive language acquisition, by testing whether 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 45) adapt to recent information when learning novel words. The study used a syntactic context which can precede both nouns and verbs to manipulate children's predictions about what syntactic category will follow. Children for whom the syntactic context predicted verbs were more likely to infer that a novel word appearing in this context referred to an action, than children for whom it predicted nouns. This suggests that children make rapid changes to their predictions, and use this information to learn novel information, supporting the role of prediction in language acquisition.

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confidence: 99%

Three‐ to Four‐Year‐Old Children Rapidly Adapt Their Predictions and Use Them to Learn Novel Word Meanings

et al. 2018

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“…Visual-world eye tracking has not been previously used to study schizophrenia, yet it is particularly well suited for this purpose as it provides a naturalistic and minimally demanding experimental analogue to everyday communication. In our paradigm, participants interacted with a set of real-world objects placed in front of them (following Keysar, Barr, Balin, & Brauner, 2000; Sedivy, Tanenhaus, Chambers, & Carlson, 1999; Tanenhaus et al, 1995; and see also Diehl, Friedberg, Paul, & Snedeker, 2015; Gambi, Pickering, & Rabagliati, 2016; Huang & Snedeker, 2009a, 2009b; Snedeker & Trueswell, 2004; Snedeker & Yuan, 2008; Trueswell, Sekerina, Hill, & Logrip, 1999 for work validating this paradigm in populations other than typical adults). For example, participants might see (1) a toy frog holding a small feather, (2) a large feather, (3) a toy cat holding a small flower, and (4) a large flower (see Figure 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spared bottom-up but impaired top-down interactive effects during naturalistic language processing in schizophrenia: evidence from the visual-world paradigm

et al. 2018

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“…We adopted the growth curve analysis (GCA), a multilevel regression modeling technique using fourth-order orthogonal polynomials (Mirman et al, 2008), to quantify the effects of semantic relations. Four terms are included in such analyses, the intercept term represents the mean proportion of fixations over the entire window, the linear term captures variation in how rapidly looks to an object rise over time, the quadratic term captures variation in the curvature of the line representing looks to each object, and the cubic and quartic terms reflect the inflections at the extremities of the curve (Kalénine et al, 2012; Gambi et al, 2016). All analyses were carried out in R version 3.3.2 using the lme4 package (version 1.1-17).…”

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Co-activation of Taxonomic and Thematic Relations in Spoken Word Comprehension: Evidence From Eye Movements

Shen

et al. 2019

Front. Psychol.

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Evidence from behavior, computational linguistics, and neuroscience studies supported that semantic knowledge is represented in (at least) two semantic systems (i.e., taxonomic and thematic systems). It remains unclear whether, and to what extent taxonomic and thematic relations are co-activated. The present study investigated the co-activation of the two types of semantic representations when both types of semantic relations are simultaneously presented. In a visual-world task, participants listened to a spoken target word and looked at a visual display consisted of a taxonomic competitor, a thematic competitor and two distractors. Growth curve analyses revealed that both taxonomic and thematic competitors attracted visual attention during the processing of the target word but taxonomic competitor received more looks than thematic competitor. Moreover, although fixations on taxonomic competitor rose faster than thematic competitor, these two types of competitors started to attract more fixations than distractor in a similar time window. These findings indicate that taxonomic and thematic relations are co-activated by the spoken word, the activation of taxonomic relation is stronger and rise faster than thematic relation.

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Beyond associations: Sensitivity to structure in pre-schoolers’ linguistic predictions

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Three‐ to Four‐Year‐Old Children Rapidly Adapt Their Predictions and Use Them to Learn Novel Word Meanings

Three‐ to Four‐Year‐Old Children Rapidly Adapt Their Predictions and Use Them to Learn Novel Word Meanings

Spared bottom-up but impaired top-down interactive effects during naturalistic language processing in schizophrenia: evidence from the visual-world paradigm

Co-activation of Taxonomic and Thematic Relations in Spoken Word Comprehension: Evidence From Eye Movements

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