Beyond Bio-Inspired Robotics: How Multi-Robot Systems Can Support Research on Collective Animal Behavior

Abstract

In the study of collective animal behavior, researchers usually rely on gathering empirical data from animals in the wild. While the data gathered can be highly accurate, researchers have limited control over both the test environment and the agents under study. Further aggravating the data gathering problem is the fact that empirical studies of animal groups typically involve a large number of conspecifics. In these groups, collective dynamics may occur over long periods of time interspersed with excessively rapid events such as collective evasive maneuvers following a predator’s attack. All these factors stress the steep challenges faced by biologists seeking to uncover the fundamental mechanisms and functions of social organization in a given taxon. Here, we argue that beyond commonly used simulations, experiments with multi-robot systems offer a powerful toolkit to deepen our understanding of various forms of swarming and other social animal organizations. Indeed, the advances in multi-robot systems and swarm robotics over the past decade pave the way for the development of a new hybrid form of scientific investigation of social organization in biology. We believe that by fostering such interdisciplinary research, a feedback loop can be created where agent behaviors designed and tested in robotico can assist in identifying hypotheses worth being validated through the observation of animal collectives in nature. In turn, these observations can be used as a novel source of inspiration for even more innovative behaviors in engineered systems, thereby perpetuating the feedback loop.

The hybrid bio-robotic swarm as a powerful tool for collective motion research: a perspective

“…Synergistic bio-robotic studies of collective motion: the gap Shared interests of biologists and roboticists have led to advances in several areas of research other than that of swarms and collective motion. Over the years there have been studies that exploited the complementary nature of the two disciplines: bio-inspired robotics traditionally draws inspiration from nature and applies it to technological advances (Bonabeau et al, 1999;Kernbach et al, 2010;Werfel et al, 2014); while robotics-assisted biology utilizes robots as a way to create dynamically-controlled conditions, enabling the testing of biology hypotheses that could otherwise not be tested (Balch et al, 2006;Gribovskiy et al, 2010;Krause et al, 2011;Bonnet et al, 2012;Porfiri et al, 2019;Horsevad et al, 2022;see Romano and Stefanini, 2021a for a recent collection).…”

Exploring the criticality hypothesis using programmable swarm robots with Vicsek-like interactions

“…Thankfully, programmable swarm-robotic systems provide us with an ideal test-bed to validate the criticality hypothesis [35]. By arbitrarily customizing the interaction rules or strategies of inter-robots (which can be inferred from animal groups [36,37] or made up from theoretical models of our interests [38,39]) and programming to change the behavioural strength or scale of each robot, it is feasible to control these artificial swarm systems to reach or move away from a critical state.…”