Beyond Cue Reactivity: Non-Drug-Related Motivationally Relevant Stimuli Are Necessary to Understand Reactivity to Drug-Related Cues

Versace, Francesco; Engelmann, Jeffrey M.; Deweese, Menton M.; Robinson, Jason D.; Green, Charles E.; Lam, Cho Y.; Minnix, Jennifer A.; Karam‐Hage, Maher; Wetter, David W.; Schembre, Susan M.; Cinciripini, Paul M.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx002

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Preclinical studies showed that the representation of value in the brain's valuation system adapts to the range of values available at any given time (Padoa‐Schioppa, ). Hence, including a wide array of emotional categories is necessary to accurately assess the incentive salience attributed to cues predicting rewards (Oliver et al, ; Versace, Engelmann, et al, ; Versace & Schembre, ). The large LPP difference that we observed between the predictive and the nonpredictive cues in this experiment suggests that researchers interested in understanding the role of cues as triggers of compulsive eating should consider how the availability of rewards during the experiment and the presence of other emotionally arousing stimuli might impact participants' neurobehavioral responses to the cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic analyses suggest that polymorphisms of genes influencing nAChR expression might be related to these neurophysiological profiles (Robinson et al, ). Importantly, these brain reactivity profiles are associated with differential risk of relapse: when smokers try to quit, individuals classified as C > P have significantly lower chances of achieving long‐term smoking abstinence than individuals classified as P > C (Versace et al, ; Versace, Claiborne, et al, ; Versace, Engelmann, et al, ). We interpreted these results in the light of those that emerged from preclinical studies aimed at identifying the neuropsychological underpinnings of cue‐induced compulsive behaviors (Flagel & Robinson, ; Sarter & Phillips, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second requisite to test our hypothesis is to classify individuals based on their tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues predicting food rewards. A classification based only on the differences between LPPs evoked by food‐related cues and neutral stimuli would not be appropriate because the responses evoked by nonfood‐related emotional stimuli must be taken into account to appropriately scale and interpret the cue‐minus‐neutral LPP difference (Oliver, Jentink, Drobes, & Evans, ; Versace, Engelmann, et al, ; Versace & Schembre, ). To avoid this pitfall, we proposed cluster analysis as a data‐driven classification approach capable of taking into account the LPP responses evoked by more than two contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reality of “food porn”: Larger brain responses to food‐related cues than to erotic images predict cue‐induced eating

et al. 2018

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While some individuals can defy the lure of temptation, many others find appetizing food irresistible. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological mechanisms that increase individuals' vulnerability to cue‐induced eating. Using ERPs, a direct measure of brain activity, we showed that individuals with larger late positive potentials in response to food‐related cues than to erotic images are more susceptible to cue‐induced eating and, in the presence of a palatable food option, eat more than twice as much as individuals with the opposite brain reactivity profile. By highlighting the presence of individual brain reactivity profiles associated with susceptibility to cue‐induced eating, these findings contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological basis of vulnerability to obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reality of “food porn”: Larger brain responses to food‐related cues than to erotic images predict cue‐induced eating

et al. 2018

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“…The time span for the included studies was from 1 January 2000 to 31 November 2018. The reference lists of the publications and related reviews [17][18][19] were also examined to identify additional studies. A study was eligible if it (i) was a task-related fMRI study, (ii) compared smokingrelated cues with neutral cues (all modalities pooled) or involved nonsmoking reward-related cues, (iii) provided peak coordinates in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space or Talairach space, and (iv) measured nicotine dependence severity using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural substrates of smoking and reward cue reactivity in smokers: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies

et al. 2020

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Smoking is partly attributed to alterations of reward processing. However, findings on the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie smoking-related and smoking-unrelated reward processing in smokers have been inconsistent. Neuroimaging experiments that used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reported brain responses to smoking-related cues and nonsmoking reward-related cues in smokers and healthy controls as coordinates in a standard anatomic reference space were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to December 2018. Three meta-analyses were performed using random-effect nonparametric statistics with Seed-based d Mapping software, with brain activity contrast from individual studies as the input. The striatum showed higher activation in response to smoking-related cues compared with neutral cues in 816 smokers from 28 studies and lower activation in response to nonsmoking reward-related cues in 275 smokers compared with 271 healthy control individuals from 13 studies. The relative reactivity of the putamen to smoking-related cues increased in 108 smokers compared with 107 healthy controls from seven studies. Meta-regression showed that smokers with a greater severity of nicotine dependence exhibited less engagement of the striatum in response to both smoking-related cues and nonsmoking reward-related cues. The present results reveal the disruption of reward system function in smokers and provide new insights into diverging theories of addiction. With the escalation of nicotine dependence, nicotine appears to exert dynamic effects on reward processing, based on incentive sensitization theory and reward deficiency syndrome theory.

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“…While this provides a true non-reward baseline, it precludes the ability to determine whether the psychopathy-related reduction in cue-elicited reactivity was specific to drug-related stimuli or could instead be due to a more general reduction in reactivity to all reward-related stimuli (see Versace et al, 2017 for commentary on the pitfalls of neutral conditions). This distinction may be particularly important given that substance use disorders are known to preferentially bias neural systems toward drug-related stimuli and away from other categories of non-drug rewards (i.e., food; Baler and Volkow, 2006 ; Volkow et al, 2010 , 2016 ; Rubinstein et al, 2011 ; Schwienteck and Banks, 2015 ; Schwienteck et al, 2015 ; Versace et al, 2017 ). To this end, the present study made use of a carefully matched non-drug reward (i.e., food) condition as our control condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging Metrics of Drug and Food Processing in Cocaine-Dependence, as a Function of Psychopathic Traits and Substance Use Severity

Denomme

Simard

Shane

2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Previous studies suggest that psychopathic traits commonly present as comorbid with substance use disorders. Moreover, neuroimaging and psychometric findings suggest that psychopathic traits may predispose individuals to a sensitized reward response to drugs. Given that substance use disorders are characterized by a neurocognitive bias toward drug-reward relative to non-drug reward, it is possible that heightened psychopathic characteristics may further predispose to this processing bias. To evaluate this possibility, we assessed psychopathic traits (measured using the PCL-R; Hare, 2003) in 105 probationers/parolees and evaluated the relationship between PCL-R scores, lifetime duration of drug use, and biases in neural response to drug- compared to food-related videos. Psychopathic traits (potentially driven by interpersonal/affective traits) were positively correlated with drug > food reactivity within the right insula and left amygdala. In addition, psychopathic traits modulated the relationship between drug use and drug > food reactivity within the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right insula, and left caudate nucleus. Specifically, lifetime duration of drug use correlated positively with drug > food reactivity in participants with lower levels of psychopathic traits and correlated negatively with drug > food reactivity in individuals with higher levels of psychopathic traits. These results help reconcile prior studies on psychopathy and drug-stimulus processing and provide neurocognitive support for the notion that psychopathic traits serve as an underlying risk factor for substance use disorders. These results suggest that different treatment regimens for substance abuse for individuals with higher or lower levels of psychopathy may be beneficial and suggest that reduction of neurocognitive biases to drug-related stimuli may offer useful targets for future treatment protocols.

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Beyond Cue Reactivity: Non-Drug-Related Motivationally Relevant Stimuli Are Necessary to Understand Reactivity to Drug-Related Cues

Cited by 48 publications

References 79 publications

The reality of “food porn”: Larger brain responses to food‐related cues than to erotic images predict cue‐induced eating

The reality of “food porn”: Larger brain responses to food‐related cues than to erotic images predict cue‐induced eating

Neural substrates of smoking and reward cue reactivity in smokers: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies

Neuroimaging Metrics of Drug and Food Processing in Cocaine-Dependence, as a Function of Psychopathic Traits and Substance Use Severity

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