Beyond education and income: Identifying novel socioeconomic correlates of cigarette use in U.S. young adults

Villanti, Andrea C.; Johnson, Amanda L.; Rath, Jessica M.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.019

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, it is known that socioeconomic status is related to cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking. 29 Sixty-two percent of patients got back to their employment after CA, a number that matches international findings. 26,30 This leaves a 37.6% unemployed (or retired) in the follow-up period which accounted for a median of 7.8 (4.2-12.6) years and yielding a cumulative 522.0 years of unemployment, straining society.…”

Section: Oddssupporting

confidence: 66%

Very long-term survivors of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest show considerable impairment of daily life

et al. 2022

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Background: Reliable data on long-term outcomes after cardiac arrest (CA) remain scarce. Identifying factors persistently impacting the quality of life after CA is crucial to improve long-term outcomes. Methods: Adult in-and out-of-hospital CA patients surviving to hospital discharge between 1996 and 2015 were retrospectively included. We classified survivors in stages of survival time and assessed long-term survival and quality of life by contacting patients via a standardized telephone questionnaire including the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: Of 4,234 patients, 1,573 (37.2%) survived to hospital discharge. Among those, 693(44.1%) were alive at the time of the interview. We obtained interviews in 178 patients at a survival time of 7.8 (4.2-12.6) years. Younger age, female gender, and shorter duration of initial hospitalization and coma were associated with long-term survival. Conversely, higher median age at time of CA predicted poor outcome (mRS 3) and impaired quality of daily life. Around 25% declared being impaired in mobility, with female gender and higher age being predictors. Impairment in personal care and hygiene was stated in 11.8%, and activities of daily life such as shopping troubled 33.1%. Chronic pain impairing daily life was reported in 47.2% of cases, and lower socioeconomic status was suggestive of unfavourable outcome. Conclusion: Very long-term survivors showed considerable impairment of quality of life in terms of reduced mobility, self-care, or chronic pain. Higher age at time of CA and lower socioeconomic status showed worse outcomes. A more personalized screening of survivors for risk factors and long-term support are suggested.

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Section: Oddssupporting

confidence: 66%

Very long-term survivors of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest show considerable impairment of daily life

et al. 2022

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“…Age was retained in the multivariable model despite lack of significant correlation with nicotine beliefs and income was excluded from the model in favor of subjective financial status, given previous work by our group. 28,34 Analyses comparing nicotine beliefs (latent class) and nicotine and tobacco harm perceptions (factor analysis) were unweighted. Mean response to each of the 12 items in the nicotine and tobacco harm perceptions factor analyses, as well as the mean of the factor items, and the factor scores were assessed by latent class to determine whether patterns of responses to the three factors were consistent with underlying nicotine beliefs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Classes of Nicotine Beliefs Correlate with Perceived Susceptibility and Severity of Nicotine and Tobacco Products in US Young Adults

Villanti

Naud

West

et al. 2019

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Background Pervasive misperceptions about nicotine may influence uptake of quit smoking aids and the impact of policies addressing nicotine as a tobacco product constituent. Methods Latent class analyses were conducted using four items on nicotine beliefs asked of 4037 adults aged 18–40 in wave 9 (February–March 2016) of the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study. Confirmatory factor analyses identified three factors from 12 items: nicotine susceptibility (NSUS), nicotine severity (NSEV), and tobacco severity (TSEV). Analyses assessed correlations between latent classes, sociodemographics, and nicotine/tobacco factor scores. Results A four-class model of nicotine beliefs was the best fit, with the largest class believing that nicotine plays a major part in smoking risks (class 1, n = 2070; 52%). Class 2 shared that belief but also responded “Don’t know” to addiction questions (class 2, n = 382; 11%). Fewer belonged in class 3, who reported that nicotine plays a small part in health risks (n = 1277; 30%), and class 4, who perceived nicotine as not cancer causing (n = 308; 7%). Latent class membership was correlated with sociodemographics, peer smoking, and past 30-day tobacco use. Classes 1 and 2 had similar NSUS scores and classes 3 and 4 had similar NSEV and TSEV scores. Discussion Differences in the perceptions of nicotine and tobacco-related harms can be partially explained by clustering of underlying nicotine beliefs. These classes of beliefs are correlated with sociodemographic predictors of smoking. These findings may help to identify specific beliefs or groups to be targeted by public education efforts on nicotine. Implications The current study supports that underlying nicotine beliefs are associated with perceived harms of specific nicotine and tobacco products (relative to cigarettes), with greater false beliefs about nicotine correlated with greater perceived susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Two important inferences emerge from this study: first, that education to address nicotine beliefs may also reframe perceptions of the harms of nicotine and tobacco products; and second, that this type of education may differentially impact perceptions of the harms of nicotine products (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes) and tobacco products (e.g., cigars, smokeless, and hookah).

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“…Although education is an important socioeconomic indicator, studies suggest other SES indicators (e.g. occupation and income) may independently influence smoking [ 19 , 22 ]. Each of these indicators may influence smoking behaviors through different mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income, occupation and education: Are they related to smoking behaviors in China?

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking behaviors may differ across countries. This study aimed to estimate the association between socioeconomic status (income, occupation and education) and multiple measures of smoking behaviors among the Chinese elderly population.MethodsUsing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2013, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and smoking behaviors through multivariate regression analysis. Sample selection models were applied to correct for sample selection bias. Smoking behaviors were measured by four indicators: smoking status, cigarette consumption, health risks related to smoking, and smoking dependence. Analyses were stratified by gender and urban-rural residence.ResultsAmong Chinese people aged 45 years or older, smokers accounted for 40% of the population in 2013, smoking 19 cigarettes per day. It was also found that 79% of smokers were at an increased health risk. Overall, although the influence of income on smoking behaviors was small and even insignificant, occupation and education levels were significantly associated with smoking behaviors. Managers or professionals were more likely to smoke, however there was no significant relationship with smoking dependence. Individuals with higher educational attainment were less likely to be associated with smoking behaviors. In addition, gender and urban-rural differences existed in the relationship between SES and smoking behaviors.ConclusionsSmoking disparities among diverse levels of socioeconomic status existed but varied greatly by SES indicators and population characteristics. Tobacco control policies in China should be increasingly focused on populations with low socioeconomic status in order to break the link between socioeconomic disadvantage and smoking behaviors. Further actions should mitigate inequalities in education, improve the social culture of cigarette use, and tailor interventions based on characteristics of the population.

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Beyond education and income: Identifying novel socioeconomic correlates of cigarette use in U.S. young adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Very long-term survivors of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest show considerable impairment of daily life

Very long-term survivors of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest show considerable impairment of daily life

Latent Classes of Nicotine Beliefs Correlate with Perceived Susceptibility and Severity of Nicotine and Tobacco Products in US Young Adults

Income, occupation and education: Are they related to smoking behaviors in China?

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