Beyond General Intelligence (IQ) and Emotional Intelligence (EQ): The Role of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) on Cross‐Border Leadership Effectiveness in a Globalized World

Abstract

Emphasizing the importance of cross-border effectiveness in the contemporary globalized world, we propose that cultural intelligence-the leadership capability to manage effectively in culturally diverse settings-is a critical leadership competency for those with cross-border responsibilities. We tested this hypothesis with multisource data, including multiple intelligences, in a sample of 126 Swiss military officers with both domestic and cross-border leadership responsibilities. Results supported our predictions: (1) general intelligence predicted both domestic and cross-border leadership effectiveness; (2) emotional intelligence was a stronger predictor of domestic leadership effectiveness, and (3) cultural intelligence was a stronger predictor of cross-border leadership effectiveness. Overall,

A Research on Determining the Effects of Five Factor Personality Traits of Turkish Football Referees on Cultural Intelligence

“…4, No. 5 ISSN: 2222 429 www.hrmars.com directing their attentions and energies to performing in culturally diverse settings and learning about those settings; as Rockstuhl et al (2011), Kim et al (2008) and Moody (2008) stated. Along with that, as Huff et al (2014) stated in their study, it can be said that TRRs have the self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation for engaging in cross-cultural experiences.…”

Ambivalence in International Dialogue: Implications for Diplomatic Training

“…Some scholars view it as an extension of emotional intelligence (Van Dyne, Ang, & Livermore, 2010), while others claim that the different forms of intelligence co-exist in the human mind, and the situational context will test them. A study of 126 Swiss military officers showed that cultural intelligence was a stronger predictor of cross-border leadership effectiveness than emotional intelligence (Rockstuhl et al, 2011). However, for leadership effectiveness in domestic assignments, emotional intelligence was a stronger predictor than cultural intelligence.…”

Cultural Intelligence: Extending the Nomological Network

“…Results from other studies neither indicated a relationship between conscientiousness and overall CI, nor to factor-level CI (Rockstuhl et al, 2011). However, when examining CI in American and Asian samples, Ang and colleagues (2007) did find significant relationships between conscientiousness and overall CI, and for each factor of CI.…”

“…Additionally, those who are confident and have positive effect are likely to approach novel interactions with greater patience and understanding. Research examining the relationship between emotional stability and overall CI among expatriate leaders do not show support for this relationship (Rockstuhl et al, 2011). However, data collected from student samples are supportive of the relationship between emotional stability and motivational CI (Ang et al, 2007;Ang et al, 2006).…”

“…Yet, research examining the relationship between extraversion and CI finds mixed support for these propositions. For example, a study examining the relationship between extraversion and CI in a sample of leaders found no support for a relationship between the variables (Rockstuhl, Seiler, Ang, van Dyne, & Annen, 2011). In contrast, a number of studies indicated significant relationships between extraversion and overall CI, as well as individual CI factors (Ang et al, 2007;Ang et al, 2006;Imai & Gelfand, 2010).…”