Beyond “I Agree”: Users’ Understanding of Web Site Terms of Service

Robinson, Eric P.; Zhu, Yicheng

doi:10.1177/2056305119897321

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This study affirms much of what is known about privacy, viz. people struggle to understand the terms in privacy policies [88] as well as the potential uses of their data [72]; they are more protective of privacy in the abstract [1]; people disclose personal information to services considered 'socially relevant' [99] (also [81]), and they continue to use services deemed useful despite inconsistencies with their privacy preferences [106]; they resolve discomfort regarding the collection of personal data [37] in part through a 'bandwagon heuristic' [98] and in part through a logic of free market economics [3]; they in fact do care about their privacy and try in their way to protect it [70], though they also feel they have little choice but to consent [27,47,104,114]. 9 There is, arguably, still value in showing how these are drawn together in participants' accounts, though our primary contribution is revealing the complicated relation between privacy and trust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Un-Paradoxing Privacy: Considering Hopeful Trust

Knowles

Conchie

2023

ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.

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Extant literature has proposed an important role for trust in moderating people’s willingness to disclose personal information, but there is scant HCI literature that deeply explores the relationship between privacy and trust in apparent privacy paradox circumstances. Attending to this gap, this paper reports a qualitative study examining how people account for continuing to use services that conflict with their stated privacy preferences, and how trust features in these accounts. Our findings undermine the notion that individuals engage in strategic thinking about privacy, raising important questions regarding the explanatory power of the well-known privacy calculus model and its proposed relationship between privacy and trust. Finding evidence of hopeful trust in participants’ accounts, we argue that trust allows people to morally account for their ‘paradoxical’ information disclosure behavior. We propose that effecting greater alignment between people’s privacy attitudes and privacy behavior—or ‘un-paradoxing privacy’—will require greater regulatory assurances of privacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Un-Paradoxing Privacy: Considering Hopeful Trust

Knowles

Conchie

2023

ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.

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“…But just as this is an example of success, it is also an example of the embedded problems associated with safeguarding digital rights. The notification to accept cookies, instead of being a protective measure, is instead a further mechanism normalizing the collection of data through "user consent" [86,87]. Just as most users fail to read the terms and conditions for most products and services due to their length and linguistically obtuse language, so too do users accept tracking cookies on web platforms.…”

Section: Losing Utopia: the Regression Of Digital Human Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utopia Lost – Human Rights in a Digital World

Brantly

2022

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance

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The long progress towards universal human rights is regressing. This regression is pronounced within digital spaces once thought to be potential bulwarks of a new era in human rights. But on the contrary, new technologies have given rise to threats that undermine the autonomy, empathy, and dignity of human beings. Early visions of human rights being strengthened by networked technologies have instead crashed into technological realities which not only fail to advance human rights discourses, but rather serve to actively undermine fundamental human rights in countries around the world. The future of human rights is increasingly threatened by advances that would make George Orwell blush. Omnipresent data collection and algorithmic advances once promising a utopian world of efficiency and connection are deeply interwoven with challenges to anonymity, privacy, and security. This paper examines the impact of technological advances on the regression of human rights in digital spaces. The paper examines the development of human rights through changes in concepts of autonomy, empathy, and dignity, it charts their regression as technologies are used to increasingly prey on these very same characteristics that undergird human rights discourses.

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“…Yet, evidence from prior research work showed that online users have no/little knowledge about the data companies and digital technologies track, collect, and store about them (Gordon, 2018;Demmers et al, 2018;Boerman et al, 2018;Urban et al, 2019;Moran, 2020;Luria, 2023;Hartman-Caverly and Chisholm, 2023;Kumar, 2023), nor the regulations and rights related to information privacy (Prince et al, 2023;Robinson and Zhu, 2020;Soumelidou and Tsohou, 2021;Kardos, 2021;Maier et al, 2023). Further, prior recent studies evidenced thatto dateno research has been found that surveyed the impact of GDPR on users' control over personal data flows with few exceptions (Ooijen and Vrabec, 2019;Bornschein et al, 2020;Kretschmer et al, 2021) though they stressed the need for such investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online privacy literacy and users' information privacy empowerment: the case of GDPR in Europe

Prince,

Omrani,

Schiavone

2024

ITP

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PurposeResearch on online user privacy shows that empirical evidence on how privacy literacy relates to users' information privacy empowerment is missing. To fill this gap, this paper investigated the respective influence of two primary dimensions of online privacy literacy – namely declarative and procedural knowledge – on online users' information privacy empowerment.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical analysis is conducted using a dataset collected in Europe. This survey was conducted in 2019 among 27,524 representative respondents of the European population.FindingsThe main results show that users' procedural knowledge is positively linked to users' privacy empowerment. The relationship between users' declarative knowledge and users' privacy empowerment is partially supported. While greater awareness about firms and organizations practices in terms of data collections and further uses conditions was found to be significantly associated with increased users' privacy empowerment, unpredictably, results revealed that the awareness about the GDPR and user’s privacy empowerment are negatively associated. The empirical findings reveal also that greater online privacy literacy is associated with heightened users' information privacy empowerment.Originality/valueWhile few advanced studies made systematic efforts to measure changes occurred on websites since the GDPR enforcement, it remains unclear, however, how individuals perceive, understand and apply the GDPR rights/guarantees and their likelihood to strengthen users' information privacy control. Therefore, this paper contributes empirically to understanding how online users' privacy literacy shaped by both users' declarative and procedural knowledge is likely to affect users' information privacy empowerment. The study empirically investigates the effectiveness of the GDPR in raising users' information privacy empowerment from user-based perspective. Results stress the importance of greater transparency of data tracking and processing decisions made by online businesses and services to strengthen users' control over information privacy. Study findings also put emphasis on the crucial need for more educational efforts to raise users' awareness about the GDPR rights/guarantees related to data protection. Empirical findings also show that users who are more likely to adopt self-protective approaches to reinforce personal data privacy are more likely to perceive greater control over personal data. A broad implication of this finding for practitioners and E-businesses stresses the need for empowering users with adequate privacy protection tools to ensure more confidential transactions.

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Beyond “I Agree”: Users’ Understanding of Web Site Terms of Service

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Un-Paradoxing Privacy: Considering Hopeful Trust

Un-Paradoxing Privacy: Considering Hopeful Trust

Utopia Lost – Human Rights in a Digital World

Online privacy literacy and users' information privacy empowerment: the case of GDPR in Europe

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