Beyond Individual-Level Theorizing in Social Norms Research: How Collective Norms and Media Access Affect Adolescents' Use of Contraception

Sedlander, Erica; Rimal, Rajiv N.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.020

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This suggests that shifting the views of individuals and households towards more equitable norms is essential for violence prevention programming, especially for girls and adolescents in rural areas, who tend to be punished for non-compliance with gender norms. This finding supports emerging work from other studies suggesting that collective norms are important predictors for adolescent behaviour and health outcomes (Mahalik et al, 2015;Sedlander & Rimal, 2019) and that they may be more influential than individual attitudes (Stark et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Finally, community-level norms were constructed by taking the mean of individual responses for each community (kebele). Measuring community norms by aggregating individual data were noted in Costenbader et al (2019) as a typical practice in social norms measurement, and has been used in multiple studies (Kaggwa et al, 2008;Sedlander & Rimal, 2019;Stark et al, 2018). A 12-point scale was created to summarise community-level social norms.…”

Section: Quantitative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-norms, violence and adolescence: Exploring how gender norms are associated with experiences of childhood violence among young adolescents in Ethiopia

Murphy

Jones

Yadete

et al. 2020

Global Public Health

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Adolescence is a time of particular risk for violence perpetrated by parents, teachers, peers and intimate partners. Social norms that condone violent discipline, promote masculinities focused on violence, and support gender inequality play an important role in perpetuating violence. However, little is known about the relationship between inequitable gender norms and children's experiences of violence from parents or other adults in the household. Utilising data from the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) study, this paper explores how adolescent and household attitudes and community-level gender norms influence experiences of violence among young adolescents (aged 10-12) in Ethiopia. Our results show that community norms, rather than adolescent and household attitudes, are significantly associated with experiences of household violence. This result holds for boys and girls, and in rural areas. In urban areas, however, adolescent attitudes were more influential than community norms, perhaps indicating less cohesive communities. Overall, these findings suggest that violence prevention programming should prioritise shifting community norms, particularly in rural areas, in order to promote adolescent girls' and boys' right to bodily integrity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Quantitative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-norms, violence and adolescence: Exploring how gender norms are associated with experiences of childhood violence among young adolescents in Ethiopia

Murphy

Jones

Yadete

et al. 2020

Global Public Health

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“…The socio-ecological model posits that factors at various levels uniquely and jointly contribute to health and well-being. Given that prior research highlights the role of social norms on IFA use and the need to reach beyond individual factors [8,36], we explore how social norms affect behavior. Therefore, the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB) also underpins this research.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond individual barriers and identifying multi-level strategies to reduce anemia in Odisha India

Sedlander

Long

Mohanty³

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: To reduce the prevalence of anemia, the Indian government recommends daily iron and folic acid supplements (iron supplements) for pregnant women and weekly iron supplements for adolescents and all women of reproductive age. The government has distributed free iron supplements to adolescents and pregnant women for over four decades. However, initial uptake and adherence remain inadequate and non-pregnant women of reproductive age are largely ignored. The aim of this study is to examine the multilevel barriers to iron supplement use and to subsequently identify promising areas to intervene. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in the state of Odisha, India. Data collection included key informant interviews, focus group discussions with women, husbands, and mothers-in-law, and direct observations in health centers, pharmacies and village health and nutrition days. Results:We found that at the individual level, participants knew that iron supplements prevent anemia but underestimated anemia prevalence and risk in their community. Participants also believed that taking too many iron supplements during pregnancy would "make your baby big" causing a painful birth and a costly cesarean section. At the interpersonal level, mothers-in-law were not supportive of their daughters-in-law taking regular iron supplements during pregnancy but husbands were more supportive. At the community level, participants reported that only pregnant women and adolescents are taking iron supplements, ignoring non-pregnant women altogether. Unequal gender norms are also an upstream barrier for non-pregnant women to prioritize their health to obtain iron supplements. At the policy level, frontline health workers distribute iron supplements to pregnant women only and do not follow up on adherence.Conclusions: Interventions should address multiple barriers to iron supplement use along the socio-ecological model. They should also be tailored to a woman's reproductive life course stage: adolescents, pregnancy, and nonpregnant women of reproductive age because social norms and available services differ between the subpopulations.

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“…The socio-ecological model posits that factors at various levels uniquely and jointly contribute to health and well-being. Given that prior research highlights the role of social norms on IFA use and the need to reach beyond individual factors (Sedlander & Rimal, 2019; Chaterjee & Fernandes, 2017), we explore how social norms affect behavior. Therefore, the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB) also underpins this research.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond individual barriers and identifying multi-level strategies to reduce anemia in Odisha India

Sedlander

Long

Mohanty

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: To reduce the prevalence of anemia, the Indian government recommends daily iron and folic acid supplements (iron supplements) for pregnant women and weekly iron supplements for adolescents and all women of reproductive age. The government has distributed free iron supplements to adolescents and pregnant women for over four decades. However, initial uptake and adherence remain inadequate and non-pregnant women of reproductive age are largely ignored. The aim of this study is to examine the multilevel barriers to iron supplement use and to subsequently identify promising areas to intervene. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in the state of Odisha, India. Data collection included key informant interviews, focus group discussions with women, husbands, and mothers-in-law, and direct observations in health centers, pharmacies and village health and nutrition days. Results: We found that at the individual level, participants knew that iron supplements prevent anemia but underestimated anemia prevalence and risk in their community. Participants also believed that taking too many iron supplements during pregnancy would “make your baby big” causing a painful birth and a costly cesarean section. At the interpersonal level, mothers-in-law were not supportive of their daughters-in-law taking regular iron supplements during pregnancy but husbands were more supportive. At the community level, participants reported that only pregnant women and adolescents are taking iron supplements, ignoring non-pregnant women altogether. Unequal gender norms are also an upstream barrier for non-pregnant women to prioritize their health to obtain iron supplements. At the policy level, frontline health workers distribute iron supplements to pregnant women only and do not follow up on adherence. Conclusions: Interventions should address multiple barriers to iron supplements use along the socio-ecological model. They should also be tailored to a woman’s reproductive life course stage: adolescents, pregnancy, and non-pregnant women of reproductive age because social norms and available services differ between the subpopulations.

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Beyond Individual-Level Theorizing in Social Norms Research: How Collective Norms and Media Access Affect Adolescents' Use of Contraception

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Gender-norms, violence and adolescence: Exploring how gender norms are associated with experiences of childhood violence among young adolescents in Ethiopia

Gender-norms, violence and adolescence: Exploring how gender norms are associated with experiences of childhood violence among young adolescents in Ethiopia

Moving beyond individual barriers and identifying multi-level strategies to reduce anemia in Odisha India

Moving beyond individual barriers and identifying multi-level strategies to reduce anemia in Odisha India

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