Beyond layers: A 3D-aware toolpath algorithm for fused filament fabrication

Lensgraf, Samuel; Mettu, Ramgopal R.

doi:10.1109/icra.2016.7487546

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Weidong [27] presents a genetic algorithm on C paths, while Wah et al [28] use the same strategy to optimize the deposition sequence locally. In addition, idling time optimization is another research topic in the FFF process [4,29]. Dreifus et al [4] proposed a graph-theoretical approach to minimize the overall traveling time on the building platform.…”

Section: Toolpath For Fdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength Enhancement in Fused Filament Fabrication via the Isotropy Toolpath

2021

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The fused filament fabrication (FFF) process deposits thermoplastic material in a layer-by-layer manner, expanding the design space and manufacturing capability compared with traditional manufacturing. However, the FFF process is inherently directional as the material is deposited in a layer-wise manner. Therefore, the in-plane material cannot reach the isotropy character when performing the tensile test. This would cause the strength of the print components to vary based on the different process planning selections (building orientation, toolpath pattern). The existing toolpaths, primarily used in the FFF process, are linear, zigzag, and contour toolpaths, which always accumulate long filaments and are unidirectional. Thus, this would create difficulties in improving the mechanical strength from the existing toolpath strategies due to the material in-plane anisotropy. In this paper, an in-plane isotropy toolpath pattern is generated to enhance the mechanical strength in the FFF process. The in-plane isotropy can be achieved through continuous deposition while maintaining randomized distribution within a layer. By analyzing the tensile strength on the specimens made by traditional in-plane anisotropy toolpath and the proposed in-plane isotropy toolpath, our results suggest that the mechanical strength can be reinforced by at least 20% using our proposed toolpath strategy in extrusion-based additive manufacturing.

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Section: Toolpath For Fdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dreifus et al [4] proposed a graph-theoretical approach to minimize the overall traveling time on the building platform. Lensgraf [29] decompose the layers into local islands and minimizing the traveling time among the islands using the greedy method.…”

Section: Toolpath For Fdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Enhancement in Fused Filament Fabrication via the Isotropy Toolpath

2021

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“…Volpato et al proposed an optimization algorithm to reduce repositioning distances in FDM 3D printers [59]. Lensgraf et al presented a new path planning algorithm to minimize "untrutionless" movement in a single layer by printing nearest neighbors [37]. Existing approaches, however, require a recompilation of the entire design and generation of completely new path planning results (i.e., G-codes), which might affect the design and mechanical properties of the fabricated objects.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

3DGates

Ajay

Song

Rathore

et al. 2017

SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News

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As the next-generation manufacturing driven force, 3D printing technology is having a transformative effect on various industrial domains and has been widely applied in a broad spectrum of applications. It also progresses towards other versatile fields with portable battery-powered 3D printers working on a limited energy budget. While reducing manufacturing energy is an essential challenge in industrial sustainability and national economics, this growing trend motivates us to explore the energy consumption of the 3D printer for the purpose of energy efficiency. To this end, we perform an in-depth analysis of energy consumption in commercial, off-the-shelf 3D printers from an instruction-level perspective. We build an instruction-level energy model and an energy profiler to analyze the energy cost during the fabrication process. From the insights obtained by the energy profiler, we propose and implement a cross-layer energy optimization solution, called 3DGates, which spans the instruction-set, the compiler and the firmware. We evaluate 3DGates over 338 benchmarks on a 3D printer and achieve an overall energy reduction of 25%.

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“…Numerous studies have been conducted in order to reduce FDM manufacturing time. Some researchers have proposed deposition strategies to reduce nozzle displacement [3] or to maximise the feed speeds during printing [4]. Yu-An, Yon et al [5] suggest locally producing the part on several successive layers before changing the printing zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infill Design Reinforcement of 3D Printed Parts Using Refinement Technique Adapted to Continuous Extrusion

Madugula

Giraud-Moreau

Adragna

et al. 2021

JMMP

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In this paper, we introduce an advanced numerical tool aimed to optimise the infill design of 3D printed parts by reducing printing time. In 3D printing, the term infill refers to the internal structure of a part. To create the infill design, slicing software is used, which generally creates the infill uniformly throughout the part. When such a part is subjected to external loading, all the infill regions will not experience the same amount of stress. Therefore, using uniform infill throughout the part is not the most optimised solution in terms of material usage. We do propose to evolve the infill design with respect to the mechanical stresses generated by the external loads. To achieve this, an advanced numerical tool has been developed, based on refinement techniques, to control the infill design. This tool is coupled with Finite Element Simulation (FE Simulation) software, which helps to identify the zones where the material is required as an infill to reinforce a part, whereas the refinement technique makes it possible to place the material as an infill in such a way that the airtime during the printing of the part is zero. Zero airtime printing is defined as the ability to deposit each layer of a part, without stopping the material extrusion during the displacement of the nozzle. Therefore, the proposed numerical tool guides us to generate the infill design of a part, in such a way that it will consume zero airtime while manufacturing. Simultaneously, it will increase the stiffness of the part. The proposed approach is here applied to a rectangular structure subjected to four-point bending, made up of PLA material (Poly-Lactic Acid).

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Beyond layers: A 3D-aware toolpath algorithm for fused filament fabrication

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Strength Enhancement in Fused Filament Fabrication via the Isotropy Toolpath

Strength Enhancement in Fused Filament Fabrication via the Isotropy Toolpath

3DGates

Infill Design Reinforcement of 3D Printed Parts Using Refinement Technique Adapted to Continuous Extrusion

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