Beyond Machismo

Hurtado, Aída; Sinha, Mrinal

doi:10.7560/308769

Cited by 83 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…According to the World Economic Forum (2021) Global Gender Gap Index, the USA and Mexico are closely ranked at #30 and #34, respectively, in overall equality—with Mexico outranking the USA in political empowerment. In contrast, within some academic literature and media, a narrative has emerged of Mexican culture being inherently patriarchal in comparison to mainstream U.S. culture (for critiques, see Cowan, 2017; Hurtado & Sinha, 2016). However, scholars have challenged this restrictive, monolithic representation of Mexican culture (e.g., Hurtado, 2003; Piña-Watson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing culture: A latent profile analysis of Mexican-heritage young women’s cultural practices, gender values, and ethnic identity.

Gutierrez¹,

Leaper²

2022

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objective: In the U.S., Mexican culture has been characterized as inherently traditional in its gender values. However, we aimed to highlight the heterogeneity of Mexican culture within the U.S. by testing whether Mexican-heritage women who reject traditional gender values necessarily disavow other cultural connections (i.e., practices, identity). Method: Mexican-heritage young women (N = 322; M age = 20.42) attending a U.S. university completed a survey evaluating their cultural practices, gender values, and ethnic identity. Results: Latent profile analyses revealed five profiles based on cultural practices (either high [immersed] or moderate [participating] levels) and gender values (either traditional, moderate, or nontraditional): (a) immersed/nontraditional, (b) immersed/moderate, (c) immersed/traditional, (d) participating/nontraditional, and (e) participating/moderate. Regardless of gender values, the immersed profiles were generally stronger in Mexican ethnic identity than the participating profiles. Conclusions: Contrary to some prior views linking Mexican cultural practices with traditional gender values, many Mexican-heritage women rejected traditional gender values while maintaining strong immersion in cultural practices and strong ethnic identities. Public Significance StatementMexican-heritage women attending a U.S. college engaged with their culture in different ways but maintained strong ethnic identities. Most Mexican-heritage women were strongly immersed in their culture's practices (e.g., attending cultural events, interacting with other Mexican-heritage peers) but tended to reject restrictive components of gender values. Discussions about Mexican-heritage women should highlight the potentially different ways women may engage with their culture's gender values while maintaining strong cultural ties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing culture: A latent profile analysis of Mexican-heritage young women’s cultural practices, gender values, and ethnic identity.

Gutierrez¹,

Leaper²

2022

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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“…These questions are difficult to answer, and our survey of the extant scholarship suggests the current knowledge base does not provide answers. While we argue for an increased focus on the gendered lives of men of color in college, their racial and ethnic identities also strongly influence their relationships with masculinities (Abalos, 2002;Eng, 2001;A. Hurtado & Sinha, 2016;McGuire et al, 2014;Poolaw, 2018).…”

Section: Complicating Masculinities: Exploring Gender Privilege and S...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This type of analysis creates space for loving critique when men of color engage in self-harm by subscribing to patriarchal norms (Abalos, 2002;Connell, 2005;hooks, 2004a, 2004b. This is particularly important because these social norms are the basis for core components of patriarchal, hegemonic masculinity, including sexism, rape culture, homophobia, and transphobia (Abalos, 2002;Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005;hooks, 2004a;A. Hurtado & Sinha, 2016;Nicolazzo, 2017).…”

Section: Complicating Masculinities: Exploring Gender Privilege and S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Race Without Gender? Trends and Limitations in the Higher Education Scholarship Regarding Men of Color

Cabrera¹,

Karaman

Ballysingh

et al. 2021

Review of Educational Research

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The underrepresentation and underperformance of men of color relative to women of color within institutions of higher education have been extensively studied the past 20 years. The purpose of this study is to understand trends in how this research has been conducted rather than understand “best practices” to support this student population. To achieve this, we reviewed 153 pieces of scholarship from 1999 to 2019 using an intersectional and critical content analysis approach. Findings revealed that the bulk of scholarship involved onetime interviews for its empirical foundations, and the overwhelming majority centered the racial experiences of Black and Latinx men. In contrast, few analyses critically explored gender, sexual orientation, or social class. Additionally, scholarship that centered Asian American, Indigenous, multiracial, and trans* men of color was scant or nonexistent. Given these large gaps in the knowledge base, we offer guidance for the next generation of men of color in higher education scholarship in terms of analytical foci, theoretical frameworks, and methodologies.

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“…Traditional Latinx culture may exacerbate gender-related socialization expectations, as young men are raised in a culture of machismo, which encourages dominance, power, respect, and responsibility and may discourage men from expressing emotional sensitivity (Hurtado & Cervantez, 2009). Although research and traditional media often emphasizes machismo as a defining feature of Latinx, caution is needed before assuming homogeneity among Latinx in terms of gender roles (see Hurtado & Sinha, 2016, for a review). Prior evidence suggests that women engage in more helping behaviors than men (Eberly & Montemayor, 1998); however, there may be unique gender differences in studying distinct forms of prosocial behavior such that men may engage in more instrumental helping and may be more likely to help in emergencies (which may pose a risk to the helper; Eagly, 2009).…”

Section: Parenting Stress and Adolescents’ Social Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal links between parenting stress, harsh parenting, and adolescents’ social behaviors in Latinx families.

Streit¹,

Davis²

2022

Journal of Latinx Psychology

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The present study examined the association between maternal parenting stress during toddlerhood and adolescents' later prosocial and aggressive behavior, as well as whether maternal harsh parenting in toddlerhood mediated those relations. Parenting stress has been identified as a risk factor for maladaptive parenting and children's well-being and behavioral problems. However, few studies have considered the long-term effects of this stress in toddlerhood on outcomes in adolescence or in Latinx samples. The present sample includes 1,223 mothers and their children (48.7% girls) who identified as Latinx (55.6% Mexican-origin) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Results showed that maternal parenting stress positively predicted adolescents' aggressive behaviors via maternal harsh parenting. Maternal parenting stress also directly negatively predicted adolescents' prosocial behaviors. The present study highlights the possible long-term, deleterious effects of parenting stress on parenting behaviors, and adolescents' social behaviors. Public Significance StatementThis study suggests that as Latinx mothers experience greater stress when their children are infants, they engage in harsher parenting behaviors when their children are toddlers, and subsequently their adolescent children engage in more aggressive behaviors. Additionally, our findings suggests that as Latinx mothers experience more stress, their children engage in fewer helping in adolescence (roughly 14 years later).

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Beyond Machismo

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Reconstructing culture: A latent profile analysis of Mexican-heritage young women’s cultural practices, gender values, and ethnic identity.

Reconstructing culture: A latent profile analysis of Mexican-heritage young women’s cultural practices, gender values, and ethnic identity.

Race Without Gender? Trends and Limitations in the Higher Education Scholarship Regarding Men of Color

The longitudinal links between parenting stress, harsh parenting, and adolescents’ social behaviors in Latinx families.

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