Beyond phosphorylation: Putative roles of post-translational modifications in Plasmodium sexual stages

Johnson, Nila; Philip, Nisha

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111406

Cited by 2 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A recent review paper compared all PTMs related to gametocyte growth, with PTMs from erythrocyte-stage parasites [ 263 ]. Most of them are reported below in the Section 2.5 .…”

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of them are reported below in the Section 2.5 . For example, for the early gametocytes, protein phosphatase PfPPM2 was reported to be marked by seven distinct PTMs, including the following major modifications: acetylation, methylation, nitrosylation, glutathionylation, ubiquitination, and Palmitoylation [ 263 ]. Note, PbPPM2 was also shown to participate in the regulation of Plasmodium sex allocation [ 12 ].…”

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ingested by Anopheles mosquito, Plasmodium undergoes further sexual development such as mating and multiplication, finally resulting in the sporozoite form. Sporozoites in mosquito salivary glands are ready to be injected with saliva into the next host during the mosquito bite [ 6 , 263 , 265 ].…”

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another review on gametocytes computationally compares numerous PTMs (intentionally excluding phosphorylation) between asexual erythrocyte and sexual gametocyte developmental stages in the host and in the mosquito [ 263 ]. The authors reported that between 25% and 50% of proteins showing post-translational modifications in asexual stages are expressed in gametocytes [ 263 ].…”

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…egress-cysteine protease 1 (ECP1) and SERA-8 [ 17 , 29 ]. Another computational study analyzed multiple PTMs in published proteomics data from sexual stages, and numerous proteins from various Plasmodium species were described [ 263 ]. Six of the eight mitochondrial TCA enzymes were found to be modified, including aconitase modified by palmitoylation (essential during P.f.…”

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle

Schwarzer,

Skorokhod

2024

IJMS

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Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for regulating protein functions, influencing various fundamental processes in eukaryotes. These include, but are not limited to, cell signaling, protein trafficking, the epigenetic control of gene expression, and control of the cell cycle, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and interactions between cells. In this review, we discuss protein PTMs that play a key role in the malaria parasite biology and its pathogenesis. Phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, lipidation and lipoxidation, glycosylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation, nitrosylation and glutathionylation, all of which occur in malarial parasites, are reviewed. We provide information regarding the biological significance of these modifications along all phases of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium spp. Importantly, not only the parasite, but also the host and vector protein PTMs are often crucial for parasite growth and development. In addition to metabolic regulations, protein PTMs can result in epitopes that are able to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses of the host or vector. We discuss some existing and prospective results from antimalarial drug discovery trials that target various PTM-related processes in the parasite or host.

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“…A recent review paper compared all PTMs related to gametocyte growth, with PTMs from erythrocyte-stage parasites [ 263 ]. Most of them are reported below in the Section 2.5 .…”

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protein Ptms In Plasmodium Parasite Growt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle

Schwarzer,

Skorokhod

2024

IJMS

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Plasmodium falciparum Development from Gametocyte to Oocyst: Insight from Functional Studies

Ouologuem,

Dara,

Kone

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Malaria elimination may never succeed without the implementation of transmission-blocking strategies. The transmission of Plasmodium spp. parasites from the human host to the mosquito vector depends on circulating gametocytes in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host. Once ingested by the mosquito during blood meals, these sexual forms undergo a series of radical morphological and metabolic changes to survive and progress from the gut to the salivary glands, where they will be waiting to be injected into the vertebrate host. The design of effective transmission-blocking strategies requires a thorough understanding of all the mechanisms that drive the development of gametocytes, gametes, sexual reproduction, and subsequent differentiation within the mosquito. The drastic changes in Plasmodium falciparum shape and function throughout its life cycle rely on the tight regulation of stage-specific gene expression. This review outlines the mechanisms involved in Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage development in both the human and mosquito vector, and zygote to oocyst differentiation. Functional studies unravel mechanisms employed by P. falciparum to orchestrate the expression of stage-specific functional products required to succeed in its complex life cycle, thus providing us with potential targets for developing new therapeutics. These mechanisms are based on studies conducted with various Plasmodium species, including predominantly P. falciparum and the rodent malaria parasites P. berghei. However, the great potential of epigenetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional genetic studies to improve the understanding of malaria as a disease remains partly untapped because of limitations in studies using human malaria parasites and field isolates.

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Beyond phosphorylation: Putative roles of post-translational modifications in Plasmodium sexual stages

Abstract: Highlights Extensive proportion of the malaria parasite proteome is post-translationally modified. Glycolytic enzymes contain numerous and diverse modifications. Cross-talk between PTMs could regulate parasite signalling and metabolic networks.

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle

Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle

Plasmodium falciparum Development from Gametocyte to Oocyst: Insight from Functional Studies

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