Beyond the Genetics of HDL: Why Is HDL Cholesterol Inversely Related to Cardiovascular Disease?

Kuivenhoven, Jan Albert; Groen, A.K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_8

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…While PCSK9-I have been shown to be effective at reducing LDL-C levels, the limited number of studies to date have shown variable effects of PCSK9-I therapy on other lipoprotein classes, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [5]. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) has been repeatedly inversely related to cardiovascular risk in most [6,7] but not all epidemiological studies [8]. Additional parameters beyond the cholesterol content of HDL particles (i.e., HDL-C) may help improve risk prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors induces a more anti-atherogenic HDL lipid profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk

Ingueneau

Hollstein

Grenkowitz

et al. 2020

Vascular Pharmacology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors induces a more anti-atherogenic HDL lipid profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk

Ingueneau

Hollstein

Grenkowitz

et al. 2020

Vascular Pharmacology

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“…Moreover, most cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with obesity and high blood lipid profiles. Diabetes and high blood lipids can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and eventually induce other conditions, such as heart disease [3,4] . Thus, studies have focused on the development of drugs that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rutaecarpine ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats via regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC2 signaling pathways

et al. 2016

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Aim:We have shown that rutaecarpine extracted from the dried fruit of Chinese herb Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth (Wu Zhu Yu) promotes glucose consumption and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in insulin-resistant primary skeletal muscle cells. In this study we investigated whether rutaecarpine ameliorated the obesity profiles, lipid abnormality, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in rat model of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Methods: Rats fed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, ip) to induce hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. One week after streptozotocin injection, the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats were orally treated with rutaecarpine (25 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or a positive control drug metformin (250 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 7 weeks. The body weight, visceral fat, blood lipid profiles and glucose levels, insulin sensitivity were measured. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. IRS-1 and Akt/PKB phosphorylation, PI3K and NF-κB protein levels in liver tissues were assessed; pathological changes of livers and pancreases were examined. Glucose uptake and AMPK/ACC2 phosphorylation were studied in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Results: Administration of rutaecarpine or metformin significantly decreased obesity, visceral fat accumulation, water consumption, and serum TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol levels in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats. The two drugs also attenuated hyperglycemia and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the two drugs significantly decreased NF-κB protein levels in liver tissues and plasma TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and MCP-1 levels, and ameliorated the pathological changes in livers and pancreases. In addition, the two drugs increased PI3K p85 subunit levels and Akt/PKB phosphorylation, but decreased IRS-1 phosphorylation in liver tissues. Treatment of cultured skeletal muscle cells with rutaecarpine (20-180 μmol/L) or metformin (20 μmol/L) promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC2, and increased glucose uptake. Conclusion: Rutaecarpine ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats via regulating IRS-1/ PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in liver and AMPK/ACC2 signaling pathway in skeletal muscles.

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“…3). ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I are the key components for HDL biosynthesis [83]. ABCA1 exports cholesterol from the membranes to the nascent HDL, while ABCG1 (G Member sub-family of ATP-binding Cassette transporter) transports cholesterol to mature HDL; the key features of cholesterol homeostasis [84].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dillenia indica fruit extract has Glucose and Cholesterol Lowering effects

Khan

Bhowmik

Rhaman

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27 Background: Dillenia indica (D. indica) can suppress carbohydrates 28 hydrolysis by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. However, there is a lack 29 of understanding of its therapeutic potential as an antidiabetic and anti-30 hyperlipidemic agent. 31Methods and findings: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by a single 32 intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ; 90mg/kg) and hyperlipidemia 33 by feeding with 1% cholesterol, 5% coconut oil and 5% cow fat diet. 34Administration of D. indica extracts in water for four weeks triggered a 35 significant (p≤0.05) reduction in fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels with 36 concomitant improvement in serum insulin levels. Both the water-and 37 ethanol-extract of D. indica treated groups showed significant (p≤0.01) 38 reduction in total cholesterol levels by 25% and 19%, respectively. HDL-39 cholesterol was also augmented (by 14%) in ethanol-extract treated group. 40Liver glycogen content was higher in the water-extract treated group. 41Histopathological examination revealed that there was no tubular epithelial 42 cell degeneration or necrosis in the renal tissues or hepatocyte degeneration 43 and sinusoidal dilation in liver tissues in animals that received the water-44 extract. On the other hand, consumption of D. indica extract with 1% 45 cholesterol, 5% coconut oil diet or with a 5% cow fat diet for 14 days 46 significantly reduced serum cholesterol levels in group-lll (60→45 mg/dl; 47 p≥0.05) and -IV (85→66 mg/dl; p≥0.05) hypercholesterolemic model rats. D. 48 indica fruit extract also reduced serum TG levels (Group-III: 87→65 mg/dl; 49 Group-IV: 40→90 mg/dl; p≥0.05). Interestingly, treatment with D. indica Page 3 of 52 50 prevented a reduction in serum HDL levels in those hypercholesterolemic 51 model rats. Serum LDL levels were significantly lower in group-III (47→39 52 mg/dl; p≥0.05) and group-IV (57→44 mg/dl; p≥0.05) hypercholesterolemic 53 model rats after D. indica treatment. 54 Conclusion: D. indica fruit ameliorates FSG, insulin secretion, glycogen 55 synthesis, and serum lipid profile. Therefore, D. indica fruit can be a potential 56 therapeutic agent for diabetic and hyperlipidemia. Introduction 75 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by on-going 76 hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion are the two 77 cardinal features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is typically 78 diagnosed based on glucose levels, either a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 79 7.0 or a 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 11.1 mmol/L levels. 80 Pre-diabetic classifications include a fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 5.6-81 6.9 mmol/L or a 2-hour blood glucose level of ≥7.8 and < 11.1 mmol/L [1]. 82 T2DM is often accompanied by cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, 83 nephropathy, and retinopathy. An altered lipid profile is common in T2DM 84 patients. Furthermore, reduced hepatic glycogen storage is also observed in 85 diabetes [2-4]. Advancements in the modern lifestyle over the last century 86 have contr...

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Beyond the Genetics of HDL: Why Is HDL Cholesterol Inversely Related to Cardiovascular Disease?

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors induces a more anti-atherogenic HDL lipid profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk

Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors induces a more anti-atherogenic HDL lipid profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk

Rutaecarpine ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats via regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC2 signaling pathways

Dillenia indica fruit extract has Glucose and Cholesterol Lowering effects

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