Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management

Carvalho, Inês; Costa, Carlos; Lykke, Nina; Torres, Anália

doi:10.1016/j.annals.2018.12.022

Cited by 90 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Increasing research on women's employment in hospitality performs analysis at the meso level to understand how women negotiate the structural constraints in their career development (e.g. Carvalho et al, 2019;Mooney and Ryan, 2009). Yet meso-analysis cannot replace analysis at macro and micro levels, as the key is integrating the multiple levels in understanding gender, as reflected in Bradley's (2013) approach.…”

Section: Towards a Sociological Perspective Of Gender In Hospitality mentioning

confidence: 99%

Let’s not just “talk” about it: reflections on women’s career development in hospitality

Gebbels

Gao

Cai

2020

IJCHM

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Purpose This paper aims to provide an action-orientated reflection for promoting gender equality in hospitality, based on Bradley’s (2013) approach that considers the operation of gender in the “production” and “reproduction” spheres of social life. To that end, it reflects on women’s career development in hospitality based on the Western perspective. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage thematic analysis of a public research seminar on gender issues in tourism and hospitality were used to explore issues of women’s career development within the intertwining spheres of “production” and “reproduction”. Findings Three themes, namely, culture of an open dialogue, bringing men into the equation and educating the future workforce, emerged from data to propose new insights on “what can be done” about gender equality in tourism and hospitality, including practical suggestions for transformations of gender relations in organisations. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes new knowledge on women’s career development in the hospitality industry by proposing recommendations to address gender gaps including fostering a culture of an open dialogue based on an inclusive listening environment, recommending changes to organisational policies and culture and integrating the subject of gender into tourism and hospitality curriculum. Originality/value By proposing a sociological perspective of gender in hospitality employment informed by Bradley (2013), this study challenges the traditional masculinity and the long-standing gender labour division through education, organisational and daily practices thus tackling fundamental gender issues.

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Section: Towards a Sociological Perspective Of Gender In Hospitality mentioning

confidence: 99%

Let’s not just “talk” about it: reflections on women’s career development in hospitality

Gebbels

Gao

Cai

2020

IJCHM

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“…Existing studies already document the existence of a gender pay gap in the tourism industry in several countries which is not explained only by different productivity characteristics, but is due to some form of discrimination, namely a different way the same characteristics are paid for men and women (for the case of Spain, see Campos-Soria et al, 2011b;for Brazil, Ferreira Freire Guimaraes and Silva, 2016).Moreover, the existence of a glass ceiling effect -a larger gap at the highest end of the wage distribution -has been long identified in tourism economics and tourism management (Cotter et al, 2001).Firms owned by women face constraints in their access to credit (International Finance Corporation 2011), while female social networks are less developed (Baines and Wheelock, 2000) which correlates with their businesses having less success. Carvalho et al (2019) showed that women continue to be considered less fit for management in the tourist sector, although discrimination is not overt anymore, but invisible and still pervasive. In turn, the prejudice that women are less competent and less fit for management reinforces in a more subtle way the well-known glass ceiling effect (see, also, Acker, 1998;Bruni, Gherardi, & Poggio, 2004;Patterson, Mavin, & Turner, 2012).…”

Section: Gender and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of women in tourism related sectors in the Caribbean

Webster

Hope²

2020

Journal of Tourism Research

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This study contributes to the rapidly growing literature on women in tourism. It focuses on a group of 13 Caribbean countries. The study analyses the impact of women in apical positions within firms (top manager or owner) on firm performance-productivity, profitability and female employment. For this both a decomposition model and the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) estimator are used. The analysis finds that opportunities for women in these positions in the Caribbean are constrained to less productive and profitable firms, as elsewhere. However, those firms with females at the top employ more women, particularly in management roles.

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“…The #MeToo movement made discussions possible and it became feasible to create supportive relations between women, to describe the situation and provide a language of description (Hill et al 2015). When norms are made visible, it is easier to de-legitimise them (Carvalho et al 2019). In the next section, we will discuss the opportunities for change that this visibility created.…”

Section: #Metoo As Inspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent norms and the #MeToo effect in Swedish forestry education

Grubbström

Powell

2020

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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This study focuses on the persistence of gender inequality in Swedish forestry education. The many strategic documents stand in contrast to the experienced inequalities depicted in the forest sector's #MeToo movement. Both #slutavverkat and the open letter, written by female students, describe harassment and sexist behaviour. Theories about the culture of silence and bystander behaviourare used to analyse the continuation of the norms that make harassment possible. Through an analysis of focus groups and interviews, we identify mechanisms that allow for the continuation of gender inequality. It is shown that strong traditions and hierarchical relations between students have contributed to the continuation of the culture of masculine domination. This culture has been allowed to flourish in hidden arenas such as the student union and social media, often in the form of sexist jokes that have been tolerated. Leadership at different levels has formulated measures to promote gender equality, but at the same time has failed to hear and react sufficiently to discrimination. This has in turn contributed to women's silence. #slutavverkat and the open letter have led to increased awareness, but remaining challenges include the barriers that prevent bystanders from acting in a more prosocial way.

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Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management

Cited by 90 publications

References 25 publications

Let’s not just “talk” about it: reflections on women’s career development in hospitality

Let’s not just “talk” about it: reflections on women’s career development in hospitality

Assessing the role of women in tourism related sectors in the Caribbean

Persistent norms and the #MeToo effect in Swedish forestry education

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