Beyond the Limits of Shannon’s Information in Quantum Key Distribution

Lizama-Pérez, Luis Adrián; Samperio, Emmanuel H.

doi:10.3390/e23020229

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Most of today's cryptosystems currently relying on integer factorization (Rivest et al, 1978) and discrete logarithms (ElGamal, 1985) will become obsolete because of the Shor algorithm (Shor, 1997). Given the quantum threats, there is an increasing trend toward developing new technologies known as quantum key distribution (QKD) (Bennett and Brassard, 1984;Center, 2021;Lizama-P´erez et al, 2021). Seven algorithms have been selected by NIST: four are public key cryptosystems and concern key establishment, and three are related to digital signature algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight noncommutative key exchange protocol for IoT environments

Kanwal

Inam

Ali

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Network communications are expanding rapidly in many fields, including telecommunications, the Internet of Things, space, consumer electronics, and the military, with different privacy and security issues at stake in each of these areas. The Internet of Things (IoT) has drawn increased attention from academic and industrial researchers over the last few decades. In this environment, keys are routinely exchanged through a public protocol to support the highly secure IoT domain and thwart security threats from unauthorized parties. The environment for IoT devices is subject to numerous limitations, including those related to processing, memory, and energy. These devices need to pass through a gateway or sink to connect to the network. Additionally, the environment must enable secure communication between gateways and IoT devices, even when the devices are disconnected from the rest of the network. In this paper, a lightweight key exchange protocol for IoT environments is presented, allowing the gateway and the IoT device to communicate over an open channel. Our proposed protocol improves security by utilizing noncommutative structures and polynomials over noncommutative rings. The underlying idea is to use the generalized decomposition problem associated with noncommutative rings. Furthermore, how the suggested protocol can achieve key certification and perfect onward secrecy is addressed. Results show this protocol is a strong candidate for key sharing and secure communication between IoT devices. We put our methodology into practice and the results of our experiments demonstrate enhancement of security levels. Finally, the performance analysis of the suggested protocol is compared with some other protocols, in terms of security, communication, and computing overhead.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight noncommutative key exchange protocol for IoT environments

Kanwal

Inam

Ali

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…This situation could change drastically if the currently available QKD technology implements the frame-based error reconciliation algorithm, which allows operating on quantum channels that exhibit high error rates [14,15]. The first version of the frame-based reconciliation method exhibits a decrease in efficiency as the channel error rate increases, but the method is still functional when the rate is greater than 50% [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QKD Reconciliation System Using Conjugate Frames in the Presence of Near-Unity Error Rates

Lizama-Pérez¹,

Morán-Ramírez²,

López-Romero³

2022

Preprint

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Previously, using the conjugate frame-based reconciliation approach, we defined a method to correct errors produced in pairs of non-orthogonal quantum states that are transmitted through a quantum key distribution (QKD) link. The security of the frame-based reconciliation was discussed in order to deal with Photon Number Division (PNS) attack and Intercept and Forward (IR) attack, among others. However, until the time of publication we did not have the distillation software to test our method. In this article, following the conjugate frame distillation method, we present the implementation of the post-processing system that demonstrates that it is capable of correcting errors in the presence of error rates close to unity. The system shows that when the number of double-sensing events at Bob's station is as low as 100, the number of secret bits stays above 4500 bits in about 12 seconds, giving a secret rate of 375 bits per second while that the channel error rate reaches 90\%.

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“…Shor's algorithm [2] solves the mathematical problems on which cryptography is supported: integer factorization and discrete logarithm. Although quantum principles have threatened the security of major cryptographic systems, they have raised a new technology known as quantum key distribution (QKD) that allows remote secret key establishment [3,4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Commutative Key Exchange Protocol

Lizama-Pérez¹,

Romero²

2022

Preprint

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We introduce a novel key exchange protocol based on non-commutative matrix multiplication defined in $\mathbb{F}_p^{n \times n}$. The security of our method does not rely on computational problems as integer factorization or discrete logarithm whose difficulty is conjectured. We show that the public, secret and channel keys become indistinguishable to the eavesdropper under matrix multiplication. Remarkably, for achieving a 512-bit security level, the public key is 1024 bits and the private key is 768 bits, making them the smallest keys among post-quantum key exchange algorithms. Also, we discuss how to achieve key authentication, interdomain certification and Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS). Therefore, Lizama's algorithm becomes a promising candidate to establish shared keys and secret communication between (IoT) devices in the quantum era.

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Beyond the Limits of Shannon’s Information in Quantum Key Distribution

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Lightweight noncommutative key exchange protocol for IoT environments

Lightweight noncommutative key exchange protocol for IoT environments

QKD Reconciliation System Using Conjugate Frames in the Presence of Near-Unity Error Rates

Non-Commutative Key Exchange Protocol

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