Beyond the Urban

Abstract

Studies of public space focus disproportionately on cities. Complex and densely populated urban built environments—with their streets, plazas, institutional buildings, housing projects, markets—make concrete and visible attempts to manage difference. They also structure the ways that less powerful residents challenge and sometimes remake elites’ spatial visions of the social order. The robust literature in Middle East studies on Islamic cities, colonial cities, dual cities, quarters and ethnicities, port cities, and so forth is no exception to this urban focus.

A statistical method of GPS spoofing detection using power spectral density for hardware

“…Imitation of GPS data has been a common method used by terrorist groups fighting with countries or countries competing in the military field. In 2011, an RQ‐170 type unmanned aerial vehicle belonging to the American Air Force was seized by the Iranian military forces by directing the GPS signal without causing any damage 2 . Information on how this unmanned aerial vehicle was seized in 2012 was shared with the public 3 .…”

“…In 2011, an RQ-170 type unmanned aerial vehicle belonging to the American Air Force was seized by the Iranian military forces by directing the GPS signal without causing any damage. 2 Information on how this unmanned aerial vehicle was seized in 2012 was shared with the public. 3 Also, in 2017, the navigation system of a tanker ship in the Black Sea suddenly showed that it was in an impossible position.…”