BGP Add-Paths: The Scaling/Performance Tradeoffs

Schrieck, Virginie Van den; François, Pierre; Bonaventure, Olivier

doi:10.1109/jsac.2010.101007

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is important to note that the advertisement of multiple routes guarantees dissemination and forwarding correctness only if all the routes that are equally preferred according to the first four steps of the BGP decision process (so called AS dominant routes) are propagated network-wide. However, the higher number of routes handled in iBGP could cause router memory and update churn penalties [22]. Raszuk et al [23] propose to add special route-reflectors in order to distribute multiple routes.…”

Section: Revisiting the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

iBGP deceptions: More sessions, fewer routes

Vissicchio

Cittadini

Vanbever

et al. 2012

2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM

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Abstract-Internal BGP (iBGP) is used to distribute interdomain routes within a single ISP. The interaction between iBGP and the underlying IGP can lead to routing and forwarding anomalies. For this reason, several research contributions aimed at defining sufficient conditions to guarantee anomaly-free configurations and providing design guidelines for network operators.In this paper, we show several anomalies caused by defective dissemination of routes in iBGP. We define the dissemination correctness property, which models the ability of routers to learn at least one route to each destination. By distinguishing between dissemination correctness and existing correctness properties, we show counterexamples that invalidate some results in the literature. Further, we prove that deciding whether an iBGP configuration is dissemination correct is computationally intractable. Even worse, determining whether the addition of a single iBGP session can adversely affect dissemination correctness of an iBGP configuration is also computationally intractable. Finally, we provide sufficient conditions that ensure dissemination correctness, and we leverage them to both formulate design guidelines and revisit prior results.

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Section: Revisiting the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

iBGP deceptions: More sessions, fewer routes

Vissicchio

Cittadini

Vanbever

et al. 2012

2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM

Self Cite

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“…In addition, the propagation of individual paths is likely to create scalability issues. As for IBGP [38], trade-offs between the scalability and the performance of those solutions exist. The results presented in section 6 show that BGP-XM features interesting scalability properties, which are suitable for large-scale deployments.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

BGP-XM: BGP eXtended Multipath for transit Autonomous Systems

Camacho¹,

García-Martínez²,

Bagnulo³

et al. 2013

Computer Networks

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Multipath interdomain routing has been proposed to enable flexible traffic engineering for transit Autonomos Systems (ASes). Yet, there is a lack of solutions providing maximal path diversity and backwards compatibility at the same time. The BGP-XM (Border Gateway ProtocoleXtended Multipath) extension presented in this paper is a complete and flexible approach to solve many of the limitations of previous BGP multipath solutions. ASes can benefit from multipath capabilities starting with a single upgraded router, and without any coordination with other ASes. BGP-XM defines an algorithm to merge into regular BGP updates information from paths which may even traverse different ASes. This algorithm can be combined with different multipath selection algorithms, such as the K-BESTRO (K-Best Route Optimizer) tunable selection algorithm proposed in this paper. A stability analysis and stable policy guidelines are provided. The performance evaluation of BGP-XM, running over an Internet-like topology, shows that high path diversity can be achieved even for limited deployments of the multipath mechanism. Further results for large-scale deployments reveal that the extension is suitable for large deployment since it shows a low impact in the AS path length and in the routing table size.

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“…Source routing Hierarchical routing Multipath routing [2] Limited No Yes [3] Yes No No [4] No Limited No [5] No Yes No [6] Limited Yes No [7] Yes Limited Yes [8] No No Yes [9] No Yes Limited [10] No Yes Yes [11] Limited No Yes [12] No Limited Yes Pathlet routing [1] is probably the contribution that is closest to our control plane approach: its most evident drawback is the lack of a clearly defined mechanism for the dissemination of pathlets, which the authors only hint at. Path splicing [2] is a mechanism designed with fault tolerance in mind (see also [13]): it exploits multipath to ensure connectivity between network nodes as long as the network is not partitioned.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the intrinsic difficulty of this encoding, it inherits the limits of the dissemination mechanisms it relies on: NIRA or pathlet routing. BGP Add-Paths [8] and YAMR [12] also address resiliency by announcing multiple paths selected according to different criteria, but they only adopt multipath routing, provide very limited or no support for hierarchical routing, and have some dependencies on the BGP technology. A completely different approach is taken by HLP [4], which proposes a hybrid routing mechanism based on a combination of linkstate and path-vector protocols.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-Domain Pathlet Routing

Chiesa

Lospoto

Rimondini

et al. 2013

2013 22nd International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN)

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Internal routing inside an ISP network is the foundation for lots of services that generate revenue from the ISP's customers. A fine-grained control of paths taken by network traffic once it enters the ISP's network is therefore a crucial means to achieve a top-quality offer and, equally important, to enforce SLAs. Many widespread network technologies and approaches (most notably, MPLS) offer limited (e.g., with RSVP-TE), tricky (e.g., with OSPF metrics), or no control on internal routing paths. On the other hand, recent advances in the research community [1] are a good starting point to address this shortcoming, but miss elements that would enable their applicability in an ISP's network.We extend pathlet routing [1] by introducing a new control plane for internal routing that has the following qualities: it is designed to operate in the internal network of an ISP; it enables fine-grained management of network paths with suitable configuration primitives; it is scalable because routing changes are only propagated to the network portion that is affected by the changes; it supports independent configuration of specific network portions without the need to know the configuration of the whole network; it is robust thanks to the adoption of multipath routing; it supports the enforcement of QoS levels; it is independent of the specific data plane used in the ISP's network; it can be incrementally deployed and it can nicely coexist with other control planes. Besides formally introducing the algorithms and messages of our control plane, we propose an experimental validation in the simulation framework OMNeT++ that we use to assess the effectiveness and scalability of our approach.

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BGP Add-Paths: The Scaling/Performance Tradeoffs

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

iBGP deceptions: More sessions, fewer routes

iBGP deceptions: More sessions, fewer routes

BGP-XM: BGP eXtended Multipath for transit Autonomous Systems

Intra-Domain Pathlet Routing

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