Bhang Psychosis

Thacore, V. R.

doi:10.1192/bjp.123.2.225

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar case series have been reported from other geographical areas including Sweden, Denmark, the Caribbean, Scotland, UK, USA, and South Africa (37, 174–181). These case reports suggest that when cannabis use is stopped, the acute psychotic episodes resolve (quicker in comparison with “endogenous” psychoses) (37, 39, 177, 178, 180, 182–186), and do not recur unless cannabis use resumes [reviewed in Ref. (187)].…”

Section: Acute Psychosis Outlasting Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

2014

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Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide, with ~5 million daily users worldwide. Emerging evidence supports a number of associations between cannabis and psychosis/psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. These associations-based on case-studies, surveys, epidemiological studies, and experimental studies indicate that cannabinoids can produce acute, transient effects; acute, persistent effects; and delayed, persistent effects that recapitulate the psychopathology and psychophysiology seen in schizophrenia. Acute exposure to both cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids (Spice/K2) can produce a full range of transient psychotomimetic symptoms, cognitive deficits, and psychophysiological abnormalities that bear a striking resemblance to symptoms of schizophrenia. In individuals with an established psychotic disorder, cannabinoids can exacerbate symptoms, trigger relapse, and have negative consequences on the course of the illness. Several factors appear to moderate these associations, including family history, genetic factors, history of childhood abuse, and the age at onset of cannabis use. Exposure to cannabinoids in adolescence confers a higher risk for psychosis outcomes in later life and the risk is dose-related. Individuals with polymorphisms of COMT and AKT1 genes may be at increased risk for psychotic disorders in association with cannabinoids, as are individuals with a family history of psychotic disorders or a history of childhood trauma. The relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia fulfills many but not all of the standard criteria for causality, including temporality, biological gradient, biological plausibility, experimental evidence, consistency, and coherence. At the present time, the evidence indicates that cannabis may be a component cause in the emergence of psychosis, and this warrants serious consideration from the point of view of public health policy.

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Section: Acute Psychosis Outlasting Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

2014

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“…As reviewed elsewhere [43], there are a number of anecdotal reports that cannabis can produce a range of acute psychotic symptoms that include depersonalization, derealization, paranoia, ideas of reference, flight of ideas, pressured thought, disorganized thinking, persecutory delusions, grandiose delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, and impairments in attention and memory in an otherwise clear consciousness [27, 35, 78, 116, 201, 205, 214, 217]. These symptoms are sometimes accompanied by anxiety, panic reactions, and psychomotor agitation.…”

Section: Do Cannabinoids Cause Short-lived Positive Psychotic Symptommentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and psychosis/schizophrenia: human studies

D’Souza

Sewell

Ranganathan

2009

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

233

156

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The association between cannabis use and psychosis has long been recognized. Recent advances in knowledge about cannabinoid receptor function have renewed interest in this association. Converging lines of evidence suggest that cannabinoids can produce a full range of transient schizophrenia-like positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms in some healthy individuals. Also clear is that in individuals with an established psychotic disorder, cannabinoids can exacerbate symptoms, trigger relapse, and have negative consequences on the course of the illness. The mechanisms by which cannabinoids produce transient psychotic symptoms, while unclear may involve dopamine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmission. However, only a very small proportion of the general population exposed to cannabinoids develop a psychotic illness. It is likely that cannabis exposure is a "component cause" that interacts with other factors to "cause" schizophrenia or a psychotic disorder, but is neither necessary nor sufficient to do so alone. Nevertheless, in the absence of known causes of schizophrenia, the role of component causes remains important and warrants further study. Dose, duration of exposure, and the age of first exposure to cannabinoids may be important factors, and genetic factors that interact with cannabinoid exposure to moderate or amplify the risk of a psychotic disorder are beginning to be elucidated. The mechanisms by which exposure to cannabinoids increase the risk for developing a psychotic disorder are unknown. However, novel hypotheses including the role of cannabinoids on neurodevelopmental processes relevant to psychotic disorders are being studied.

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“…[12] Cannabis is widely used in India, which is an integral part of Indian culture and religious customs. [34] Despite of this, there is a dearth of research about cannabis from India. Among the studies are case reports, case series[35] and case-control studies[6] about cannabis-related psychoses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence

Kulhalli

Isaac

Murthy

2007

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:The correlation between cannabis and negative mental health outcomes has been unequivocally established. Nevertheless, there is still a great need to research different dimensions of cannabis-related disorders, among which the study of cannabis-related psychosis is very important. There is a dearth of research regarding phenomenology and effect of abstinence, particularly from India. This study attempts to research the clinical presentation of cannabis-related psychosis and effect of abstinence.Aim:The aim of the present study was to document the clinical presentation of cannabis-related psychosis at presentation and after 7 days' abstinence from cannabis.Materials and Methods:Subjects with psychosis following cannabis use without any other prior or concurrent psychiatric disorder presenting to the outpatient department of a large tertiary care hospital were consecutively recruited for study. They were observed in a drug-free, protected environment for 7 days, during which clinical features were recorded using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).Results:Twenty male subjects were recruited and phenomenology was evaluated on the BPRS. Items with highest frequencies were unusual thought content (100%), excitement (75%), grandiosity (75%), hallucinatory behavior (70%) and uncooperativeness (65%). The least common symptoms were anxiety (5%), guilt feeling (5%), depressive mood (10%), motor retardation (10%) and blunted affect (30%). Nine subjects (45%) presented with cognitive dysfunction. Affective psychosis was the predominant diagnosis. At the end of 1 week of abstinence from cannabis, there was a significant decrease in scores. Significant improvement was observed in cognitive dysfunction, conceptual disorganization, grandiosity, tension, hostility, hallucinatory behavior and excitement.Conclusions:Cannabis-related psychosis presented with a predominantly affective psychosis and prominent thought disorder, excitement and violence. All subjects showed improvement in symptoms with abstinence from cannabis. A small heterogeneous sample and short duration of observation were the important limitations of this study.

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Bhang Psychosis

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

Cannabis and psychosis/schizophrenia: human studies

Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence

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