2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00396.x
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Bi‐directional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease

Abstract: During pregnancy profound perturbations in innate and adaptive immunity impact the clinical course of a number of infectious diseases, including those affecting periodontal tissues. Conversely, it has been suggested that periodontal infections may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, a summary of the literature associated with the bidirectional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease as well as the possible mechanisms behind this interaction were examined.

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Cited by 92 publications
(148 citation statements)
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References 232 publications
(377 reference statements)
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“…Pregnancy can dramatically alter mammalian oral, vaginal, and gut bacterial communities (41)(42)(43). Here we show that pregnancy can alter the microbiota of specialized signaling organs as well.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Pregnancy can dramatically alter mammalian oral, vaginal, and gut bacterial communities (41)(42)(43). Here we show that pregnancy can alter the microbiota of specialized signaling organs as well.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…'nın çalıĢması ile benzerlik göstermektedir. 28 ÇalıĢmamızda uzmanların periodontal hastalık ve gebelik komplikasyonları ile ilgili farkındalıkları yüksekken, gebeliğin ciddi komplikasyonlarından biri olan ve literatürde periodontal hastalıkla iliĢkisine dair verilerin bulunduğu 5,30 preeklemsiyi periodontal hastalıkla iliĢkilendirme oranlarının oldukça düĢük olması çeliĢkilidir. Ancak diğer çalıĢmalarda da bulgular benzerdir.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…2 Güncel sistematik derlemelerde periodontal hastalık varlığının diyabet, erken doğum, düĢük doğum ağırlıklı bebek ve aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalık için artmıĢ risk oluĢturduğuna dair bulgular rapor edilmiĢtir. [3][4][5][6] Dünya DiĢ Hekimleri Birliği ve Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu birlikte 2007 yılında, diyabet ve ağız sağlığı arasındaki çift yönlü bağlantıya iliĢkin, sağlık çalıĢanlarının farkındalığının geliĢtirilmesinin önemini vurgulamıĢlardır. 7 Amerikan Periodontoloji Akademisi tarafından hamile ya da hamilelik planlayan bireylerin öncelikli olarak periodontal muayenesi ve eğer gerekiyorsa bu bireylere uygun koruyucu veya terapötik yaklaĢımların uygulanması önerilmiĢtir.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…This may reflect on the clinical presentation of both systemic and local infections, such as periodontal diseases. 4 In this line, many studies supported a possible bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy with the link of mediators in immune system or antioxidants/reactive oxygen species. 4,5 The associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease have also been supported by studies showing that preterm low birth weight (PLBW) are more common among patients with periodontal disease than individuals with periodontal health, 6,7 while others have failed to find such associations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…4 In this line, many studies supported a possible bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy with the link of mediators in immune system or antioxidants/reactive oxygen species. 4,5 The associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease have also been supported by studies showing that preterm low birth weight (PLBW) are more common among patients with periodontal disease than individuals with periodontal health, 6,7 while others have failed to find such associations. 8,9 The complex network of cytokines that intervene in the immune response of the host against external attacks include pro-inflammatory cytokines and antiinflammatory cytokines plays important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 87%