Bi-directional semi-quantum secure direct communication protocol based on high-dimensional single-particle states

Li-Hua, Gong; Zhen-Yong, None Chen; Xu, Li; Zhou, Nanrun

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211702

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…以Cao等 [22−27] 为代表的一批学者提出将单光子与纠缠态粒子(如Bell态粒子与GHZ态粒子)结合的QSDC方案. 2022年, Zhao等 [27] 提出一种基于单光子的高效QSDC方案, 利用多次发送单光子实现直接通信, 不涉及纠缠态和复杂的幺正运算. 同年, 龚黎华等 [28] 提出基于高维单粒子态的双向半QSDC协议.…”

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Quantum secure direct communication scheme based on the mixture of single photon and Bell state with two way authentication

Zhou¹,

Jiang²,

Guo³

et al. 2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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In response to the demand for identity authentication in quantum secure direct communication, this paper proposes a quantum secure direct communication scheme based on a mixture of single photon and Bell state, combined with bidirectional identity authentication. Before communication begins, both parties share a series of secret information to prepare a series of single photon and Bell state particles. Encoding four single photons and four Bell states yields eight types of encoded information, followed by identity authentication. The first step in identity authentication is to use a single photon to verify the legitimacy of the receiver. If the error exceeds the given threshold, it indicates the presence of eavesdropping. Otherwise, the channel is safe. Then, Bell state particles are used to verify the legitimacy of the sender, and the threshold is also used to determine whether there is eavesdropping. The method is the same as before. If the error rate is higher than the given threshold, it indicates the existence of third-party eavesdropping. Otherwise, it indicates that the channel is secure. As for the specific verification method, it will be explained in detail in the article. Afterwards, Bell state particles are mixed with a single photon as the transmission carrier, and eavesdropping detection particles are added every time the quantum state is sent. However, once the eavesdropper intercepts the transmitted particles, due to incomplete information obtained, the eavesdropper is unable to recover the original information, and the eavesdropping behavior will be immediately detected, thus terminating communication. In this scheme, single photon and Bell states are fully utilized, and hybrid communication can effectively improve transmission efficiency, encoding ability, and quantum bit utilization. Security analysis shows that this scheme can resist common external and internal attacks such as interception/measurement replay attacks, auxiliary particle attacks, and identity impersonation attacks. The analysis of efficiency and encoding capacity shows that the transmission efficiency of this scheme is 1, the encoding capacity is 3 bits per state, and the quantum bit utilization rate is 1. Compared with other schemes, this scheme has significant advantages because it uses different particles for bidirectional authentication, making it more difficult for attackers to crack, and thus has higher security than traditional schemes.

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Quantum secure direct communication scheme based on the mixture of single photon and Bell state with two way authentication

Zhou¹,

Jiang²,

Guo³

et al. 2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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One-way semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared keys based on unitary operations

Gong,

Ye,

Liu

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Semi-quantum private comparison is a method for private comparison with fewer quantum resources, enabling classical participants to collaborate with a semi-honest third party possessing complete quantum capabilities. A one-way quantum private comparison protocol is devised only by unitary operations. The protocol facilitates one-way transmission between third party (TP) and classical participants in quantum communication, where the classical participants only need to perform unitary operations and measurement operations on the transmitted qubits. In addition, classical participants do not require pre-shared keys. It is shown that the qubit efficiency of this protocol is 12.5%. Finally, security analysis and the simulation results on the IBM Quantum Experience demonstrate the security and the feasibility of this protocol.

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Quantum secure direct communication scheme with identity authentication

Zhou¹,

Jiang²

2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Aiming at the problem that traditional quantum secure direct communication schemes need to assume the legitimacy of both parties in advance, a GHZ state based quantum secure direct communication scheme with identity authentication is proposed. The scheme first encodes GHZ state particles into eight types, divides them into three parts, and sends them in three times. Each time, eavesdropping is added to detect whether the particle detection channel is secure, and the second time, identity authentication is added to verify the identity of the receiver. Specifically, according to the value of the ID key IDA, the specified particles (such as | 0>particles or |+>particles) are found in the two particles, Then mark their position L and traverse down until all the identity keys are traversed to obtain a position sequence L. After sending the two particles to Bob for eavesdropping detection, Bob measures the L position of the two particles with the corresponding basis according to the value of the identity key, codes the measurement results, and compares them with the identity key IDA to complete the identity authentication. After sending the particles for the third time, The receiver extracts all the detected particles, and then jointly measures the GHZ state particles, and recovers the original information through the originally given coding rules, so as to realize quantum safe direct communication. The design of this scheme is simple and efficient, and communication can be realized without complex unitary transformation. The correctness analysis proves that the scheme is correct in theory. The security analysis of interception/measurement retransmission attack, trojan horse attack, denial of service attack, auxiliary particle attack, identity impersonation attack and other attacks proves that the scheme can resist common internal attacks and external attacks, and solve the problem of information leakage. The transmission efficiency of the scheme is 1, the quantum bit utilization is 1, and the coding capacity is a quantum state carrying 3 bits of information, Compared with some previous schemes, this scheme has obvious advantages in these three aspects. The biggest advantage is that the sender does not need to assume the legitimacy of the receiver when sending information, so it has high practical application value.

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Bi-directional semi-quantum secure direct communication protocol based on high-dimensional single-particle states

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Quantum secure direct communication scheme based on the mixture of single photon and Bell state with two way authentication

Quantum secure direct communication scheme based on the mixture of single photon and Bell state with two way authentication

One-way semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared keys based on unitary operations

Quantum secure direct communication scheme with identity authentication

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