Bi-level framework for microgrid capacity planning under dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles

Zhou, Zhong Kai; Liu, Zhitao; Su, Hongye; Zhang, Liyan

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108204

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…If the PV generation profle is considered, then the parameter PVC(h) is included with the coefcients for the irradiance shown in Figure 1. When static implementation is considered, then equation ( 14) is replaced by equation (24), whereas in multiperiod analysis, equation ( 25) is used instead equation (20). In both cases, additional constraints are introduced to limit the maximum PV capacity of each unit to its maximum real value (S p ∈ R), to linearize mixed-integer expressions, and to limit the number of PV units (N pv ∈ Z), as it is shown in equations ( 26) and (27).…”

Section: Pv Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, multiple studies have shown how advantageous the implementation of DER in distribution networks can be in terms of power loss reduction, voltage regulation, network loadability, network capacity, system fexibility, frequency regulation, demand response, curtailment, maximization of proft, or minimization of costs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Particularly, while BESS units have been typically used fxed in substations to provide most of the aforementioned ancillary services, new studies have shown improvements in fexibility when used in a mobile framework along distribution networks [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks: Applications of Convex Optimal Power Flow Formulations in Distribution Networks

Osorio

Rosero

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) has imposed several challenges in the analysis and operation distribution networks. In the last decade, the implementation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in electric networks has caught the interest in research since the results have shown multiple positive effects when deployed optimally. However, a complex formulation of the optimization problem regarding DER implementations can easly become nonconvex, thus limiting the scope of the results (quality) and affecting the computational efficiency. In this paper, convex formulations of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem for DER (PV and BESS) installations in San Andres distribution network were implemented to minimize power losses. Four main simulation cases were stablished covering convex power flow analysis, convex optimal power flow to locate and size dispatchable and nondispatchable DER (PV) with demand and irradiation profiles, and the inclusion of aggregated and distributed PV and BESS systems. The computational realization of those formulations was made with three different software packages: CVX in python, CPLEX, and MATLAB (MATPOWER/PSO). The results show that installing DER capacity (both PV and/or BESS) can substantially improve the power losses in distribution networks, especially if considered distributed instead of aggregated, achieving reductions up to 75% for power losses and up to 57% for conventional generation utilization. Besides power losses, it was observed that optimal DER (PV and BESS) implementations behaved similarly as demand response signals do, potentially increasing economic benefits for DISCOs. In terms of computational efficiency, convex formulations help substantially to reduce computation times, especially if scalability is to be considered when distributed DER installations were studied.

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Section: Pv Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks: Applications of Convex Optimal Power Flow Formulations in Distribution Networks

Osorio

Rosero

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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“…The formulas are obtained from the case study of the primary transformer station with a single radial feeder at Katerini. In Zhou et al (2022), the new microgrid structure was developed for cost saving and enlarge the usage of developed utility. The developed model includes solar, wind, and on-route charging system.…”

Section: Microgrid-connected Dynamic Charging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the On-Road Wireless Charging System for E-Mobility Applications

et al. 2022

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The recent progress in the dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system brings feasibility to increase the driving range of an electric vehicle (EV). The on-road wireless charging system reduces the volume of the EV’s battery and charging the vehicle while driving. So, the powered roadways can potentially decrease the dependency on heavy-sized batteries for EV applications. The capability of transferring maximum power from the ground surface to the vehicle requires the critical design of the entire DWPT system. The various factors such as wireless charging pads, power electronic converters, compensators, and controllers influence the power transfer rate of the system. An appropriate impedance matching network assists the system during power transfer. Moreover, the design of coils in DWPT needs to consider the sensitive misalignment tolerance, safety issues, complex design, and cost factors. In this article, the basic topologies, history, and fundamentals of the DWPT charging system are discussed. In addition, the impact on the power grid due to the DWPT system and factors involved in microgrid integration are discussed. However, the current scenario of different compensators, converters, and design topologies proposed in the dynamic charging system is included. This article presents a comprehensive overview and challenges involved in a DWPT system such as the design of a power converter, charging couplers, compensation network, foreign object detection system, economic factors, and microgrid-integrated DWPT system. An economic analysis, electromagnetic compatibility, and interference of the charging system are also analyzed vastly. The human exposure level with its allowable limits developed for the wireless power transfer system is discussed.

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“…They are also utilized to form hybrid energy source systems (HESS) in [22], [23] for reliable EV energy provisioning. In [24], the objective is to integrate EVs and EV charging systems in the microgrid along with other DG sources including wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays, to allow EVs to contribute to the energy regulation of the microgrid while in motion. In addition, the mobility of EVs is utilized to achieve grid load balancing in [25] by spatially allocating EVs to the most optimal charging stations that balance the charging load across different electric power buses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Planning of Dynamic Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

Elmeligy,

Elghanam,

Hassan

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The market share of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to their low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduced running costs. However, range anxiety and charging downtime are some challenges slowing down the adoption of this new technology. Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) aims to minimize the problems above by allowing the EVs to charge while in motion. With DWC, optimizing the locations of the lanes is crucial to maximizing their utilization while minimizing the capital and operational expenditure of the system. Additionally, the extra load that DWC incurs on the power grid must be considered to avoid grid overload. In this work, a realistic traffic simulation is built. A new methodology is proposed to optimally deploy DWC lanes in the simulated road network and allocate distributed generation (DG) resources to support the power grid. The model is implemented for a large road network within Sharjah, UAE. Results reveal that, for a 30% EV penetration level, a DWC system is economically feasible and profitable to deploy to address the anticipated EV charging demand within the traffic network under consideration.

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Bi-level framework for microgrid capacity planning under dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks: Applications of Convex Optimal Power Flow Formulations in Distribution Networks

Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks: Applications of Convex Optimal Power Flow Formulations in Distribution Networks

A Comprehensive Review of the On-Road Wireless Charging System for E-Mobility Applications

Optimal Planning of Dynamic Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

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