Bi³⁺ doped 2D Ruddlesden–Popper organic lead halide perovskites

Abstract

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites exhibit flexible light-emitting modulations and surprising stability improvements upon heterovalent Bi3+ doping.

Structurally Tunable Two-Dimensional Layered Perovskites: From Confinement and Enhanced Charge Transport to Prolonged Hot Carrier Cooling Dynamics

“…The vast potential for tuning the optical and electronic properties of 2D perovskites by varying their elemental composition (e.g., the choice of metals, halides, and small organic cations), organic spacers, and number of layers (i.e., thickness) holds considerable promise for further system optimization. Additionally, charge-carrier collection can be supported through optimized deposition and process engineering, ,− additive engineering (e.g., SCN – and MACl), − and doping approaches − that favor vertical growth and preferential out-of-plane charge transport. In fact, the current certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) record for 2D perovskite solar cells in conventional structures is 16.6%, which is still much lower than that for 3D perovskite solar cells.…”

Emerging doping strategies in two-dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductors for cutting edge optoelectronics applications

“…Lin et al reported the rst series of heterovalentdoped 2D RPs via Bi 3+ doping for (BA) 2 (MA) nÀ1 Pb n I 3n+1 86. Similar to the earlier case, Bi 3+ doping did not signicantly impact the crystal structures as the average Bi-I bond length in the BiI 6…”

“…3À octahedron (3.07 Å) is very close to the Pb-I bond length in (BA) 2 (MA) nÀ1 Pb n I 3n+1 crystals (3.18 Å for n ¼ 1, 3.16 Åfor n ¼ 2, 3.14 Å for n ¼ 3) 86. Dang et al synthesized Li doped (PEA) 2 PbBr 4 perovskite crystals using a solution-processing method 87.…”

“…85 Similarly, the PL intensity of Bi 3+ doped (BA) 2 (-MA) nÀ1 Pb n I 3n+1 crystals decreased monotonically due to dopinginduced formation of non-radiative sites or relaxation to lowerenergy states. 86 Interestingly, a new NIR PL peak ($ 943 nm) is observed in the Bi doped crystal for n > 2 which was attributed to doping-induced optically active centers. 86 Dang et al studied the temperature-dependent X-ray luminescence (XL) spectra of Li doped (PEA) 2 PbBr 4 crystals.…”

“…86 Interestingly, a new NIR PL peak ($ 943 nm) is observed in the Bi doped crystal for n > 2 which was attributed to doping-induced optically active centers. 86 Dang et al studied the temperature-dependent X-ray luminescence (XL) spectra of Li doped (PEA) 2 PbBr 4 crystals. 87 Free exciton (FE) emissions of both undoped and Li doped crystals at 418 nm were shied to 436 nm as the temperature increased from 10 K to 330 K, and a bump corresponding to STE was observed in both cases ranging from 450 to 750 nm.…”