Bias in older adults’ driving self-assessments: The role of personality

McPeek, Robert W.; Nichols, Austin; Classen, Sherrilene; Breiner, Judith

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2011.06.001

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Specifically, in transportation studies, there is considerable literature about personality traits and their relationship with driving style and risk-taking behaviors [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Almost all of these studies conclude that assessing personality traits is useful for predicting driving behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Personality Traits through Habit and Intention on Determining Future Preferences of Public Transport Use

Yazdanpanah

Hosseinlou

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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A complex set of factors may affect transportation mode choice. While earlier studies have often considered objective factors in determining preferences of public transport use as a sustainable transportation, subjective factors such as personality traits are underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of personality traits on the number of future public transport use. Additionally, “car habit” and “intention toward using public modes” were considered to be important. For this purpose, a case study from departure passengers at Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKIA, Tehran, Iran) was conducted between January and February 2015 at IKIA. Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) shows that only neuroticism and extraversion personality traits were significant in determining future public transportation mode choice. However, the model indicates that these traits indirectly influence intention and car habit. Neuroticism was found to have a total effect of −0.022 on future public transport use, which represents a negative association with public transport use, while extraversion positively influenced future public transport use with a total effect of 0.031. Moreover, the results found interestingly that car access had a better fit to the data than the number of cars in household (NCH); both had significant positive effect on car habit, but only car access had a significant influence on intention. Furthermore, the effect of socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, educational level, income level, and body mass index (BMI) were determined to be significant in identifying choice of future transport mode to airports, which is explained in the discussion section of this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Personality Traits through Habit and Intention on Determining Future Preferences of Public Transport Use

Yazdanpanah

Hosseinlou

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Thus, in line with SET [ 13 ], older adults may need to exert even more effort to reduce or eliminate the age differences in performance. There is literature suggesting that older adults who are high in extraversion are more actively engaged both cognitive and physically with their environments than older adults low in extraversion [ 30 , 31 ] and rate themselves higher on self-efficacy [ 32 ]. If high extraversion older adults are highly engaged in and believe they have the capacity to succeed on difficult cognitive tasks like the n -back, then they may put forth more effort which would be commensurate with the higher levels of HR activation seen during the n -back compared to the BDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and extraversion differences in heart rate reactivity during working memory tasks

2021

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Research and theory have shown a link between heart rate reactivity during cognitive testing and extraversion in younger adults; however, similar work has not been conducted with older adults. This study was designed to explore age and extraversion-related differences in within-person heart rate (HR) reactivity during two working memory tasks of varying difficulty using a multi-level modeling approach. Across 570 total within-person assessments of continuous HR monitoring, 28 younger adults (M = 19.76, SD = 1.15) and 29 older adults (M = 71.19, SD = 6.63) were administered two working memory tasks (backward digit span and n-back). There were no age differences in reactivity during the backward digit span. However, similar to previous findings, on the more difficult n-back task, younger adults low in extraversion showed a trend toward higher HR reactivity than young adults high in extraversion. Interestingly, the older adults showed the opposite pattern in that lower extraversion older adults were less reactive than the higher extraversion older adults who showed the steepest increase in HR. The HR increase of the older adults high in extraversion may be an indication of higher engagement in this more difficult task. Individual differences in extraversion need to be taken into account when administering working memory tasks in older adults.

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“…Lack of awareness, defined by Marotolli and Richardson (1998), is the “discrepancy between one’s perception of ability and actual ability,” (p. 332) and is critical for identifying, and adapting to, driving limitations. The drawbacks of self-evaluations are well known, often including inaccuracy of responses due to recall bias (difficulty remembering) or overestimation of one’s driving abilities (Blanchard, Myers, & Porter, 2010; McPeek, Nichols, Classen, & Breiner, 2011). Older drivers may not answer honestly because of the potential to receive unwanted results (Eby, Molnar, Shope, Vivoda, & Fordyce, 2003).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing the 32-item Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure

Medhizadah

Classen

Johnson

2017

OTJR: Occupational Therapy Journal of Research

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The Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure (FTDS) enables proxies to identify at-risk older drivers via 54 driving-related items, but may be too lengthy for widespread uptake. We reduced the number of items in the FTDS and validated the shorter measure, using 200 caregiver responses. Exploratory factor analysis and classical test theory techniques were used to determine the most interpretable factor model and the minimum number of items to be used for predicting fitness to drive. The extent to which the shorter FTDS predicted the results of the 54-item FTDS was evaluated through correlational analysis. A three-factor model best represented the empirical data. Classical test theory techniques lead to the development of the 32-item FTDS. The 32-item FTDS was highly correlated ( r = .99, p = .05) with the FTDS. The 32-item FTDS may provide raters with a faster and more efficient way to identify at-risk older drivers.

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Bias in older adults’ driving self-assessments: The role of personality

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The Role of Personality Traits through Habit and Intention on Determining Future Preferences of Public Transport Use

The Role of Personality Traits through Habit and Intention on Determining Future Preferences of Public Transport Use

Age and extraversion differences in heart rate reactivity during working memory tasks

Constructing the 32-item Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure

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