Bias modification training can alter approach bias and chocolate consumption

Schumacher, Sophie; Kemps, Eva; Tiggemann, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.014

Cited by 131 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…With respect to the question of general trainability, our findings support data from a small pilot study (Warschburger et al, ) and suggest that AAT is also suitable for children and adolescents with obesity. In line with other studies using single sessions (Dickson et al, ; Fishbach & Shah, ; Maas et al, ; Schumacher et al, ), we observed a modification of the AAB after the last training session. However, assessment of AAB directly after training (as conducted by Dickson et al, ; Maas et al, ; Schumacher et al, ) might overestimate the effect of the training.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In line with other studies using single sessions (Dickson et al, ; Fishbach & Shah, ; Maas et al, ; Schumacher et al, ), we observed a modification of the AAB after the last training session. However, assessment of AAB directly after training (as conducted by Dickson et al, ; Maas et al, ; Schumacher et al, ) might overestimate the effect of the training. When performing a more conservative analysis, with the assessment before the last training block, we did not find an effect for the AAB based on reaction times but still observed that the IG made fewer errors than the CG.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is difficult to integrate our results into the existing literature, because our study differs from previous studies in manifold ways: First, we trained children and adolescents rather than adults; second, we focused on a clinical group rather than a healthy sample (exception: Brockmeyer et al, ); third, we applied multisession rather than single‐session training (exception: Brockmeyer et al, ); and fourth, all studies used different stimulus material, which might affect the magnitude of the training effect. Fifth, although some studies compared training and placebo groups (Becker et al, ; Maas et al, ), others compared groups that were trained to approach versus avoid food (Dickson et al, ; Fishbach & Shah, ; Schumacher et al, ); one pilot study did not include a control group (Brockmeyer et al, ). Data on error rates have not been previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of an approach–avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity: A randomized placebo‐controlled prospective trial

Warschburger

Gmeiner

Morawietz

et al. 2018

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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This study evaluated the efficacy of approach-avoidance training as an additional treatment for children and adolescents with obesity seeking inpatient treatment. Two hundred thirty-two participants (8-16 years, 53.9% girls) were randomly assigned either to multisession approach-avoidance (IG) or to placebo training (CG). As outcomes, cognitive biases post intervention, body mass index, eating behaviour, food intake, self-regulation, and weight-related quality of life were assessed, also at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Modification of approach-avoidance bias was observed, but lacked in transfer over sessions and in generalization to attention and association bias. After 6 months, the IG reported less "problematic" food consumption, higher self-regulation, and higher quality of life; effects did not persist until the 12-month follow-up; no significant interaction effects were observed regarding weight course. Despite there was no direct effect on weight course, approach-avoidance training seems to be associated with promising effects on important pillars for weight loss. Further research concerning clinical effectiveness is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of an approach–avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity: A randomized placebo‐controlled prospective trial

Warschburger

Gmeiner

Morawietz

et al. 2018

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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“…We did not include the data from participants receiving grapes, as taste tests typically involve an energy dense food and there were insufficient studies using only grapes to be able to formally compare them to other studies in the analysis. In four studies (Kakoschke et al., 2014, Kemps et al., 2015, Kemps et al., 2014, Schumacher et al., 2016) there were multiple taste test foods and the authors had experimental hypotheses specific to the intake of one of the foods in the taste test (e.g. chocolate muffin, but not blueberry muffin intake).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bogus taste test: Validity as a measure of laboratory food intake

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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Because overconsumption of food contributes to ill health, understanding what affects how much people eat is of importance. The ‘bogus’ taste test is a measure widely used in eating behaviour research to identify factors that may have a causal effect on food intake. However, there has been no examination of the validity of the bogus taste test as a measure of food intake. We conducted a participant level analysis of 31 published laboratory studies that used the taste test to measure food intake. We assessed whether the taste test was sensitive to experimental manipulations hypothesized to increase or decrease food intake. We examined construct validity by testing whether participant sex, hunger and liking of taste test food were associated with the amount of food consumed in the taste test. In addition, we also examined whether BMI (body mass index), trait measures of dietary restraint and over-eating in response to palatable food cues were associated with food consumption. Results indicated that the taste test was sensitive to experimental manipulations hypothesized to increase or decrease food intake. Factors that were reliably associated with increased consumption during the taste test were being male, have a higher baseline hunger, liking of the taste test food and a greater tendency to overeat in response to palatable food cues, whereas trait dietary restraint and BMI were not. These results indicate that the bogus taste test is likely to be a valid measure of food intake and can be used to identify factors that have a causal effect on food intake.

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“…The effects of our experiment in compliance with studies of Fishbach and Shah (2006) demonstrated that self-control can be influenced outside of conscious cognitive processing. Also, according to Becker et al (2014), Schumacher et al (2015) and Stice, Lawrence, Kemps, and Veling (2016), the effects of motor movement influence formation of implicit preferences for fattening vs. dietary food. The above studies, similarly to our findings, demonstrated that bias modification training has potential to reduce cognitive biases for attractive targets and affect health behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of self-regulation in obesity: formation of implicit food preferences

Obara-Gołębiowska¹,

Brycz²,

Szczepanik³

2017

Health Psychology Report

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Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether motor behavior can impact self-regulation of food intake in individuals with obesity. We utilized purposeful movement of the hand as a means to influence tendencies to approach and avoid foods compatible and incompatible with the weight loss goals. Participants and procedure One hundred individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) participated in this study. The participants were randomized into 2 experimental groups. The first experimental group was induced to prefer dietary foods and to avoid fattening foods. The second experimental group was induced to prefer fattening food and to avoid dietary food. Results Experimental group 1 chose dietary products and avoided fattening items more often than group 2. We observed the increased importance of goals to lose weight and improve body shape as a result of manipulation consistent with its direction. Conclusions Implicit manipulation of food preferences by approach/avoidance tasks can alter food preferences and attitudes.

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Bias modification training can alter approach bias and chocolate consumption

Cited by 131 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of an approach–avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity: A randomized placebo‐controlled prospective trial

Evaluation of an approach–avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity: A randomized placebo‐controlled prospective trial

The bogus taste test: Validity as a measure of laboratory food intake

Determinants of self-regulation in obesity: formation of implicit food preferences

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