Biased Intensity Judgements of Visceral Sensations After Learning to Fear Visceral Stimuli: A Drift Diffusion Approach

Zaman, Jonas; Madden, Victoria J.; Iven, Julie; Wiech, Katja; Weltens, Nathalie; Ly, Huynh Giao; Oudenhove, Lukas Van; Diest, Ilse Van

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.04.011

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Education could target emotional aspects, such as the motivational value of reward clues, the valence of sensations and reward‐seeking behaviour . A recent study showed that innocuous digestive sensations might become frightful through associative learning . Furthermore, palatable foods may become aversive when followed by a postingestional unpleasant experience, which is probably the reason why the food immediately preceding a bout of gastroenteritis becomes disgusting and is blamed as the cause or the trigger of the illness.…”

Section: Factors That Determine the Normal Postprandial Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,18 A recent study showed that innocuous digestive sensations might become frightful through associative learning. 124,125 Furthermore, palatable foods may become aversive when followed by a postingestional unpleasant experience, 126 which is probably the reason why the food immediately preceding a bout of gastroenteritis becomes disgusting and is blamed as the cause or the trigger of the illness. Hypnosis has been shown to be effective on postprandial symptoms in functional gut disorders, 127 and it would be interesting to explore the potential application of education to prevent symptoms.…”

Section: Previous Conditioning Education and Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogastronomy: Factors that determine the biological response to meal ingestion

Pribić

Azpiroz

2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview and to define the framework to investigate the factors that determine the postprandial experience. Based on a series of proof-of-concept studies and related information, we propose that the biological responses to a meal depend on the characteristics of the meal, primarily its palatability and composition, and the responsiveness of the guest, which may be influenced by multiple previous and concurrent conditioning factors. This information provides the scientific backbone to the development of personalized gastronomy.

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Section: Factors That Determine the Normal Postprandial Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Conditioning Education and Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Biogastronomy: Factors that determine the biological response to meal ingestion

Pribić

Azpiroz

2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Other components of the decision 59 making process, such as sensory processing and/or motor response execution (known collectively as non-decision 60 time; Ratcliff and McKoon, 2008) have also been shown to speed up with prior expectations (Jepma et al, 2012) 61 or when stimuli are self-relevant (Macrae et al, 2017). 62 accumulation (Tipples, 2015) even when unconsciously-presented (Lufityanto et al, 2016), as well as bias the 67 starting point towards threat (Zaman et al, 2017). There has, however, been very little investigation into how the 68 prioritisation of fearful stimuli for conscious access might be influenced by prior expectations.…”

Section: Introduction 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surprising Threats Accelerate Evidence Accumulation for Conscious Perception

McFadyen

Smout

Tsuchiya

et al. 2019

Preprint

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15Our survival depends on how well we can rapidly detect threats in our environment. To facilitate this, the brain is 16 faster to bring threatening or rewarding visual stimuli into conscious awareness than neutral stimuli. Unexpected 17 events may indicate a potential threat, and yet we tend to respond slower to unexpected than expected stimuli. It 18 is unclear if or how these effects of emotion and expectation interact with one's conscious experience. To 19 investigate this, we presented neutral and fearful faces with different probabilities of occurance in a breaking 20 continuous flash suppression (bCFS) paradigm. Across two experiments, we discovered that fulfilled prior 21 expectations hastened responses to neutral faces but had either no significant effect (Experiment 1) or the opposite 22 effect (Experiment 2) on fearful faces. Drift diffusion modelling revealed that, while prior expectations accelerated 23 stimulus encoding time (associated with the visual cortex), evidence was accumulated at an especially rapid rate 24 for unexpected fearful faces (associated with activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus). Hence, these findings 25 demonstrate a novel interaction between emotion and expectation during bCFS, driven by a unique influence of 26 surprising fearful stimuli that expedites evidence accumulation in a fronto-occipital network. 27 Like predictable events, threatening stimuli are also prioritised for conscious access (Otten et al., 2017). For 63 example, fearful faces , snakes and spiders (Gomes et al., 2017), and fear-conditioned stimuli (Gayet et al., 2016) 64 are consciously perceived earlier than neutral stimuli during breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS; 65 Tsuchiya and Koch, 2005, Jiang et al., 2007). Fearful stimuli have been shown to increase the rate of evidence 66To test the three hypotheses above, we conducted two bCFS experiments and one control experiment (see 101 Supplementary Materials).In Experiment 1, we established how expectation interacts with threat in bringing 102 stimuli into conscious perception. In Experiment 2, we adapted the design of Experiment 1 to incorporate EEG so 103 that we could observe the spatio-temporal maps of neural activity underlying the effects of emotion and expectation 104 during bCFS. We also conducted drift diffusion modelling (DDM) to examine which parameters of the decision-105 making process explained the differences in response time between conditions and how this was reflected in neural 106 activity. DDM has been used in previous studies investigating consciousness that equate the upper decision 107 boundary to the threshold for awareness (De Loof et al., 2016, Kang et al., 2017. Here, response times in the 108 bCFS paradigm reflected a perceptual decision (whether the face was rotated clockwise or anticlockwise) that 109 required conscious perception (Kang et al., 2017). We investigated how the rate of evidence accumulation (drift 110 rate; v), sensory processing and/or motor execution (non-decision time; t0), and the decision bounda...

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“…84 Finally, using a drift diffusion approach, they demonstrated that fear learning toward an innocuous esophageal CS affected perceptual decision making about the intensities of visceral sensations, such that sensations were more likely to be categorized as more intense. 85 Taken together, these results suggest that associative learning might indeed contribute to the development of GI-specific anxiety and visceral hypersensitivity in FGIDs. This is in line with clinical findings demonstrating the effectiveness of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy on IBS symptom severity, and the mediation of these effects through a decrease in GI-specific fear and anxiety.…”

Section: Influence Of Life Events Stress and Other Affective Statesmentioning

confidence: 81%

The gut–brain axis in health neuroscience: implications for functional gastrointestinal disorders and appetite regulation

Weltens

Iven

Oudenhove

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Over the past few years, scientific interest in the gut-brain axis (i.e., the bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain) has exploded, mostly due to the identification of the gut microbiota as a novel key player in this communication. However, important progress has also been made in other aspects of gut-brain axis research, which has been relatively underemphasized in the review literature. Therefore, in this review, we provide a comprehensive, although not exhaustive, overview of recent research on the functional neuroanatomy of the gutbrain axis and its relevance toward the multidisciplinary field of health neuroscience, excluding studies on the role of the gut microbiota. More specifically, we first focus on irritable bowel syndrome, after which we outline recent findings on the role of the gut-brain axis in appetite and feeding regulation, primarily focusing on the impact of subliminal nutrient-related gut-brain signals. We conclude by providing future perspectives to facilitate translation of the findings from gut-brain axis neuroscientific research to clinical applications in these domains.

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Biased Intensity Judgements of Visceral Sensations After Learning to Fear Visceral Stimuli: A Drift Diffusion Approach

Abstract: This study shows that associative fear learning biases intensity judgements of visceral sensations toward perceiving such sensations as more intense. Learning-induced alterations in visceroception might therefore contribute to the development or maintenance of visceral pain.

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Biogastronomy: Factors that determine the biological response to meal ingestion

Biogastronomy: Factors that determine the biological response to meal ingestion

Surprising Threats Accelerate Evidence Accumulation for Conscious Perception

The gut–brain axis in health neuroscience: implications for functional gastrointestinal disorders and appetite regulation

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