Bibliography

Florio, John

doi:10.3138/9781442663671-005

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…and that because it is thought the people would rather have Cardinall Farnese." 94 The vox populi of Rome did not speak with one voice in all cases; as we have seen with the brokers of the Banchi, it could be manipulated as well. More often than not Romans had to align themselves to one of the conclave's many factions that not only included the dead pope's party of cardinals but also pro-French and pro-Spanish parties.…”

Section: The Conclave and The Public Spherementioning

confidence: 95%

The Conclave from the “Outside In”: Rumor, Speculation, and Disorder in Rome during Early Modern Papal Elections

Hunt

2012

J Early Mod Hist

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The secret politicking of the papal conclaves has fascinated scholars since Ranke first gained access to the Vatican's Secret Archives. But few scholars have seriously studied what occurred outside the conclave. Early modern papal elections attracted a great deal of attention from both commoners and elites, which beget speculation about its proceedings, rumors, and even disorder. Everyone in Rome had their own agenda for wanting to know more about the conclave: brokers needed to be informed when accepting wagers on the election; French and Spanish ambassadors wanted information on the direction of the election; and crowds eagerly anticipated pillaging the pope-elect's cell and palace. Writers of newssheets kept this attentive audience fed with information, but their activities also contributed to the circulation of rumors during the conclave. The conclave thus created a unique but ephemeral public sphere, one that was very different from Habermas's classic bourgeois model. The public only dimly learned the secrets of the conclave. Misunderstanding and disorder reigned supreme. Nevertheless, the papal election opened a privileged time in Rome in which the public expressed its opinion about high politics, an activity normally forbidden to it by living popes.

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Section: The Conclave and The Public Spherementioning

confidence: 95%

The Conclave from the “Outside In”: Rumor, Speculation, and Disorder in Rome during Early Modern Papal Elections

Hunt

2012

J Early Mod Hist

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“…Th e Fourth Estate (Carlyle 1841) refers to the signifi cant indirect social infl uence the media wield via their capacity to advocate and to implicitly frame political issues. Other authors have employed the notion of a "fourth branch of power" in reference to an array of institutions, including Montaigne's designation of lawyers in 1580 (Florio 2006), or Fielding's (1752) reference to the proletariat two hundred years later. During his 1969 inaugural lecture, the Dutch scholar René Crince Le Roy evoked the notion of the fourth power (vierde macht) in reference to the bureaucracy and the powers brandished by civil servants.…”

Section: Bureaucratic Power and Functional Politicizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Politicization in the Dutch Senior Civil Service: Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys and Qualitative Research (2007 – 2019)

Belloir

Berg

2020

NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy

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Although substantial advances have been made in our comprehension of functional politicization – political capacities and activities being taken on by bureaucrats in their administrative duties – questions surrounding its causal mechanisms remain. To shed light on these questions, we here explore increasing political polarization (and fragmentation) in Dutch politics and functional politicization over the period 2007 – 2019 to see how the two are related. To do so, we adopt a cross-time approach that observes which skills – political-strategic insight, substantive expertise (Fachwissen), or procedural knowledge (Dienstwissen) – senior civil servants perceive to be the most relevant to successfully and correctly exercise their profession in a period of increasing polarization in the Dutch political landscape. Drawing from surveys conducted with senior civil servants in 2007, 2013 and 2019, combined with semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019, the data depicts the prevalence of political astuteness in the profession and highlights the factors for its causes: institutional, organizational, and interpersonal dynamics. This indicates an (in)direct link between political polarization and functional politicization of the administrative apparatus that serves as a basis for further cross-time and cross-country investigation.

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“…That is, such markets are 'special… because of the nature of the needs they satisfy,' and thus are part of the broader social fabric. 68 Moreover, translating the theory of liberalisation into successful practice has proven less than straightforward: the empirical evidence is equivocal, while resulting market structures are more complex than anticipated. 69 Since the choice to opt for liberalisation is neither inevitable nor indisputable, the decision to do so reflects not merely a textbook understanding of the optimal operation of markets (and, indeed, what constitutes a 'market'), but also a positive decision to enhance competition and market forces over the status quo.…”

Section: Normative Perspectives On Liberalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Liberalisation

Dunne

2017

SSRN Journal

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A near-ubiquitous concept in legal debates on contemporary approaches to market regulation and reform, liberalisation broadly speaking involves a transition from controlled to competitive markets. Yet for many, liberalisation implies not merely practical processes and legal instruments of economic reorganisation and governance, but moreover a higher-level conception of how markets fit within society, and thus how law might be deployed to achieve wider social and economic goals. This article explores the concept of liberalisation in both its technical and more-disputed normative dimensions, seeking to situate the latter within an understanding of the functioning-and limitations-of the former.

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Bibliography

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Conclave from the “Outside In”: Rumor, Speculation, and Disorder in Rome during Early Modern Papal Elections

The Conclave from the “Outside In”: Rumor, Speculation, and Disorder in Rome during Early Modern Papal Elections

Functional Politicization in the Dutch Senior Civil Service: Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys and Qualitative Research (2007 – 2019)

Perspectives on Liberalisation

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