BICEP2 and the Gravitino Mass: The Questionable Result

Abstract

The gravitino has been explained to exist with a low mass (Tahan 2013 from BICEP2 (BICEP2 Collaboration 2014) can be understood improbable by simply focusing on the mass of the gravitino. This manuscript presents a method involving increasing string vibrations to measure the gravitino mass in the laboratory.Keywords: gravitino, BICEP2, dark matter, string experimentation BackgroundIn attempts to understand how gravity fits in the Standard Model the gravitino has been an unavoidable subject since it is a superpartner of the graviton, specifically regarding supergravity analogous to electroweak theory W and Z bosons. Accordingly, the gravitino has been well-studied including for troubling Universe topics as dark matter, which has forced the issue of the superparticle mass if wishing to study gravity in the evolution of the Universe. Inflation emerged as the most popular scenario for the development of the Universe and consequently the gravitino has been tied to different inflation theories. The mass of the superpartner has usually been a primary point in the ideas related to how the gravitino can exist with inflation, even having led to disfavoring gravitino dark matter because of discussions regarding how the mass could have prevented the existence of the Universe, e.g. the gravitino problem (Weinberg, 1982). Therefore, the gravitino became a less popular topic of study, particularly considering that evidence for supersymmetry or string theory has been nonexistent.A recent report from the BICEP2 collaboration has reintroduced the possibility for the existence of the gravitino with a large mass, which has not been a primary topic in papers referencing the findings. The mass may not have been well-discussed so far since perhaps it has been considered, like other particles, an unavoidable result of the overall events suggested by the BICEP2 data. Still, the BICEP2 work discussing quantum gravity requires clarification for the existence of a high mass gravitino, particularly considering past studies. By considering the mass in relation to work performed with an instrument that permitted graviton appearance in the lab (Tahan 2011) while remembering theoretical studies of the gravitino, the high mass alone would suggest that the BICEP2 findings are questionable.

Superstring Symmetry Breaking Through Induced String Vibrations

“…Gluon strings are massive since the bodies are continuously moving. Or mass is a facet of the gluon string, which again was understood with string experimentation due to the appearance of the Higgs boson when gluons combined after a maximum in string vibrations was reached (Tahan 2014). Accordingly, string experimentation involving the Hydrogen brane leading to symmetry breaking and the fifth dimension was possible due to QCD low energy confinement.…”

“…The responsible string experimentation method involves a symmetry breaking that permits access to a fifth dimension of gravitons and superpartners (Tahan 2012(Tahan , 2013(Tahan , 2014. The symmetry breaking can be thought opposite to traditional understanding since it introduces superparticles to the Standard Model visible sector.…”

Spacetime: A Distinct Medium

“…Barometric pressure being low while relative humidity was high seemed to be consistent, ideal requirements to observe D-branes and open strings for the laser light when in the set-up (Tahan 2014). The low barometric pressure has been explained to be advantageous since less pressure against the tube due to the atmosphere permitted influences more easily to emerge from the vessel and affect surroundings (Tahan 2011).…”

“…The instrument allowing for string experimentation (Tahan 2014) permits access to the theoretically predicted fifth dimension (Kaluza 1921, Klein 1926 resulting in the appearance of gravitons and superparticles in the dimensions of the Standard Model. Specifically, experimentation has supported that a separation between the visible sector and an underlying region of superparticles including the graviton exists and the area of superparticles and gravitons can be accessed through symmetry breaking involving the strings of the Hydrogen brane (Tahan 2014), permitting additionally the observation of hidden structures as D-branes--indicative of an extra dimension.…”

“…This work is a first presentation due to experimentation for the existence of a specific spacetime medium or general relativity aether, a tangible environment. b. Laser light (Quartet Standard Laser Pointer), ≈.017m from the middle and about .01-.02m from the bottom of a graphite tube (Crucible, Saed/Manfredi G40, 1.5"OD x 1.25"ID x 3.75"DP) creating an approximately .004-.005m line on the side of the tube closest to the S pole of a gap magnet (any magnet providing required field strength would be sufficient), was incorporated with the basic apparatus (Tahan 2014) for D-brane trials as shown in Figure 1b. The laser was used to examine the possibility of the bending of spacetime resulting from gravitons emerging due to symmetry breaking (Tahan 2012) and interacting with the tube, imparting mass-energy thereby causing the tube to bend spacetime potentially sufficiently to alter the direction of the light.…”