Biconstituent fibers from segmented polyurethanes and nylon 6

Saunders, J. H.; Burroughs, John A.; Williams, Leah; Martin, Donald H.; Southern, John H.; Ballman, R. L.; Lea, K. R.

doi:10.1002/app.1975.070190519

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Another approach is using a stream of melt consisting of a core and inner shell and an outer shell, where the polymer alternates from the core to the outer shell, which is extruded through a circular array of holes (Figure 2C). [15] One of the earlier works producing Janus fibers by melt spinning was reported by Saunders et al in 1975, [1] who produced crimped fibers using nylon 6 and polyurethanes. [1] Important factors to consider, when attempting to melt spin Janus fibers, include matching melt-viscosities of the two polymers, polymer elasticity and interfacial tension effects.…”

Section: Melt Spinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15] One of the earlier works producing Janus fibers by melt spinning was reported by Saunders et al. in 1975, [1] who produced crimped fibers using nylon 6 and polyurethanes [1] . Important factors to consider, when attempting to melt spin Janus fibers, include matching melt‐viscosities of the two polymers, polymer elasticity and interfacial tension effects [1] …”

Section: Janus Fiber Processing and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mainly with the aim of texturing fibers at an industrial scale, these fibers were typically processed using conventional fiber spinning methods of melt, dry, and wet spinning. Terms like “biconstituent”, [1] “bicomponent”, [3] “side‐by‐side”, [4] and “conjugate” [2] were commonly used to denote such fibers. Recent literature from the past two and a half decades indicates increasing use of the term “Janus” for denoting materials with two sides, based on the two‐faced Roman god Janus [5–11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review article, we will consistently refer to “Janus fibers”, when fibers display two or more distinct continuous constituents connected at an interface along the fiber cross section. The endeavor to create two‐sided fibers predates the use of the term “Janus” by at least a couple of decades [1,2] . Mainly with the aim of texturing fibers at an industrial scale, these fibers were typically processed using conventional fiber spinning methods of melt, dry, and wet spinning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymeric Janus Fibers

2023

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Janus fibers are a class of composite materials comprising mechanical and chemical to biological functionality. Combining different materials and functionalities in one micro-or even nanoscale fiber enables otherwise unreachable synergistic physicochemical effects with unprecedented opportunities for technical or biomedical applications. Here, recent developments of processing technologies and applications of polymeric Janus fibers will be reviewed. Various examples in the fields of textiles, catalysis, sensors as well as medical applications, like drug delivery systems, tissue engineering and antimicrobial materials, are presented to illuminate the outstanding potential of such high-end functional materials for novel applications in the upcoming future.

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Section: Melt Spinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Janus Fiber Processing and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymeric Janus Fibers

2023

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“…Polyurethanes are unique in their crosslinking, chain flexibility, and intermolecular forces which can be varied widely. The abundance of original substances used for preparing urethane elastomers in conjunction with the wide variety of reactions taking place during their synthesis causes the highly complicated chemical structure of the resulting polyurethanes [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Crosslinking of polyurethanes is of primary importance in controlling many of their properties [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural rubber–polyurethane block copolymers: Nonlinear structural variations with NCO/OH ratio

Gopakumar

Nair

2006

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A series of segmented block copolymers was prepared by the chain extension of hydroxyl terminated liquid natural rubber (HTNR) with polyurethane oligomers derived from toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,3-butane diol at varying NCO/OH ratio. The previously reported two-step method of synthesis was modified to get improved products. This was done by optimizing the formation of polyurethane oligomers in the first step of the synthesis. All the samples were characterized by solubility testing, DSC, tensile testing, etching studies, and SEM. The data obtained were correlated to the structural features of the block copolymers. It was found that NCO/OH ratio played an important role in determining the structural variations in the block copolymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46: 1812-1821, 2006.

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Polyamides, Fibers

Anton¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Polyamide fibers are melt‐spun from linear thermoplastic polymers having recurring amide groups made from diamines and dicarboxylic acids or lactams. Polymer made by the polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid is designated nylon‐6,6; that made from ε‐caprolactam, nylon‐6. These polymers account for about 98% of the total 3.9 million tons of worldwide production of nylon fiber. The attributes of nylon fiber, such as high strength, durability, abrasion resistance, resilience, ease of dyeability, and low specific gravity, have been recognized since its introduction in 1938. Both the inherent properties and those properties that can be engineered into the fiber through manufacturing and ultimately into the fabric article in downstream mill processing account for the diverse end uses of nylon. These include hosiery, lingerie, skiwear, activewear, swimwear, carpets, tire cord, luggage, upholstery, automotive air bags, interliners, and military uniforms. Nylon fiber is manufactured by extruding molten polymer through a filter pack multihole spinneret assembly and then drawing (or stretching) the filaments as a separate or continuous process to fix the size and physical properties (tenacity, elongation modulus) of the filaments (or yarn) for a particular end use. The product is offered as continuous flat yarn or, through additional manufacturing steps, as crimped staple, tow, or precision‐cut flock. Continuous‐filament (flat) yarn can be used as is, or, for most applications, textured for bulk and/or stretch. Physical appearance, functionality, and performance of nylon filaments can be modified by incorporating additives, eg, delusterants, colorants, antioxidants, and antistats, in the polymer or directly to the melt stream prior to extrusion, by designing a spinneret hole to impart a desired luster or surface effect or by spinning bicomponent or biconstituent fibers. Very fine fibers (0.2 dtex = 0.18 den), are made by spinning biconstituent conjugate fibers with nylon and polyester and dissolving the polyester in an alkali fabric treatment. The introduction of direct melt‐spun 0.88–2.22‐dtex (0.8–2.0 den) nylon products in the mid‐ to late‐1980s had a significant positive effect on the apparel market. Other breakthrough technologies, such as high speed spinning of partially oriented yarns for draw texturing, nylon‐4,6 for industrial yarn applications, soil‐ and stain‐resistant nylon carpets, utilization of available 47–93‐tex (420–840‐den) industrial yarns for an emerging automotive air bag industry, have all contributed to the growth of nylon fibers since the 1980s. The commitment made by the textile industry to recycle fibers and fabrics and to conserve materials and minimize landfilling in compliance to regulatory legislation will have a profound effect on how fiber producers design their offerings for the future.

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Biconstituent fibers from segmented polyurethanes and nylon 6

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Polymeric Janus Fibers

Polymeric Janus Fibers

Natural rubber–polyurethane block copolymers: Nonlinear structural variations with NCO/OH ratio

Polyamides, Fibers

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