Bicycle accidents in childhood.

Nixon, James W.; Clacher, R.; Pearn, John; Corcoran, A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6582.1267

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Of the 2970 surveys distributed to Rochester public schools, 2039 (69%) were returned for analysis. Seventy-eight of the surveys completed in the public school system were discarded for the following reasons: age less than 10 years (35), insufficient comple-tion (24), and selection of every reason for not wearing a bicycle helmet (19). A total of 463 surveys were completed on the 3 paved bicycle trails.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers to Bicycle Helmet Use

Finnoff¹,

Laskowski²,

Altman

et al. 2001

Pediatrics

115

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine why people do or do not wear helmets while bicycling.Methods. A survey was conducted from August through October 1999. Two survey areas were chosen for this study: local public schools and paved bicycle trails. For the school arm of the study, 3 public elementary, middle, and high schools were selected from 3 different regions of Rochester, Minnesota, for participation in the study. For the bicycle arm of the study, 3 paved trails located in southeastern Minnesota were selected. A total of 2970 surveys were distributed to the public school system, and 463 surveys were collected from bicyclists on the paved bicycle trails. The survey population was split into 3 age categories for analysis: child (7-10), adolescent (11-19), and adult (older than 19).Results. Of the 2970 surveys distributed to Rochester public schools, 2039 (69%) were returned for analysis. Seventy-eight of the surveys that were completed in the public school system were discarded for the following reasons: age <10 years (35), insufficient completion (24), and selection of every reason for not wearing a bicycle helmet (19). A total of 463 surveys were completed on the 3 paved bicycle trails. One survey from the paved bicycle trail arm of the study was discarded because of insufficient completion. The total number of surveys used for statistical analysis was 2424. The distribution of male (52.7%) and female (47.3%) participants was similar. No significant difference in bicycle helmet use was found between genders.The age groups with the highest rate of bicycle helmet use were 50 to 59 years (62%) and older than 59 years (70%). The age groups with the lowest rate of bicycle helmet use were 11 to 19 years (31%) and 30 to 39 years (30%). The most common reasons given for not wearing a bicycle helmet were "uncomfortable," "annoying," "it's hot," "don't need it," and "don't own one." Bicycle helmet use was significantly influenced by peer helmet use in all 3 age groups. Children also were more likely to wear a bicycle helmet when their parents wore bicycle helmets.A majority of respondents in all 3 age groups indicated that bicycle helmets provided either "moderate" or "great" protection from head injury, although significantly more adults (65.9%) than adolescents (43.9%) believed that the protection afforded by bicycle helmets was "great." Despite this belief, a majority of adolescents and adults indicated that there was only a "slight risk" of head injury when bicycling without a helmet. Participants in all 3 categories were more likely to wear a bicycle helmet when they indicated either that there was a "great risk" of head injury when bicycling without a helmet or that helmets provided "great protection" from head injury. Adolescents and adults who believed that bicycling without a helmet put one at "great risk" for head injury also were more likely to indicate that helmets provided "great protection" from head injury.Conclusions. The prevalence of bicycle helmet use remains low despite research indicating the high l...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7,17,18 Seventy percent to 86% of bicycle accident-related deaths are because of head injury. 10,11,19 In those who survive the initial injury, symptoms from injuries related to the accident often persist for Ͼ2 years. 6 It is apparent that prevention of bicycle-related head injury is a public health concern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Bicycle Helmet Use

Finnoff¹,

Laskowski²,

Altman

et al. 2001

Pediatrics

115

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“…Almost all bicycle accident mortality results from head and brain damage, [1][2][3][4][5] (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost-benefit analysis of legislation for bicycle safety helmets in Israel.

Ginsberg

Silverberg²

1994

Am J Public Health

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Legislation requiring bicyclists to wear helmets in Israel will, over a helmet's 5-year duration (assuming 85% compliancy, 83.2% helmet efficiency for morbidity, and 70% helmet efficiency for mortality), save approximately 57 lives and result in approximately 2544 fewer hospitalizations; 13,355 and 26,634 fewer emergency room and ambulatory visits, respectively; and 832 and 115 fewer short-term and long-term rehabilitation cases, respectively. Total benefits ($60.7 million) from reductions in health service use ($44.2 million), work absences ($7.5 million), and mortality ($8.9 million) would exceed program costs ($20.1 million), resulting in a benefit-cost ratio of 3.01:1.

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“…Sidewalks permit a limited separation from motor traffic, while riding in the road exposes the cyclist to the greatest risk of encountering a motor vehicle. Since the majority of bicyclerelated fatalities involve collisions with motor vehicles (5,6,8) in this sample, the group at greater risk appears to be taking the greater precaution.…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States about half of these reflect trauma experienced by children. Several recent studies demonstrate that 70-80 percent of bicycle-related deaths are due to head injury, with pubescent males being at particularly high risk (5,6). A recent Harris poll commissioned by Bicycling magazine suggests that 83 million American adults rode a bicycle at least once during the past year (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of bicycle helmet use in an affluent Michigan county

Jacques

1995

Journal of Safety Research

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Bicycle helmet use in the United States has remained low despite clear demonstration of its beneficial effect on reducing the incidence of serious head injury. Overall helmet use was 24 percent; infants and toddlers had the highest rate of helmet use at 61 percent, followed by adults at 26 percent and schoolaged children at 17 percent. The strongest predictor of helmet use in all age categories was the presence of a helmeted companion. Adult helmet use was also positively predicted by riding in the street and by riding a racing-type bicycle. The use of a city-type bicycle negatively predicted helmet use. For nonadults, female sex and the use of a child seat or trailer were positive predictors. Fostering peer pressure to increase helmet use may be an effective yet relatively inexpensive way to achieve the goal of widespread use of bicycle helmets.

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Bicycle accidents in childhood.

Cited by 58 publications

References 18 publications

Barriers to Bicycle Helmet Use

Barriers to Bicycle Helmet Use

A cost-benefit analysis of legislation for bicycle safety helmets in Israel.

Rates of bicycle helmet use in an affluent Michigan county

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