Bicycling Injuries

Silberman, Marc R.

doi:10.1249/jsr.0b013e3182a4bab7

Cited by 69 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Najczęścieszymi lokalizacjami urazów ostrych w kolarstwie jest: ankle, shoulder (clavicle bone)/arm, knee [7,8,9]. However, knee joint, cervical and lumbar regions of the spine are the most common localizations of overuse injuries [7,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overweight and obesity vs. simple carbohydrates consumption by elderly people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system

Skop-Lewandowska

Zając

Kolarzyk

2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. The number of cyclists increases each year. Some people treat cycling as a passion and practice it at every possible occasion, while for others it is a mean of transport or a form of relaxation at the weekend. However, very few people realize that cycling can also have a negative impact on their health. Objective. To assess the prevalence of lower extremity and spine pain in cyclists, and evaluate the influence of various factors causing it. Materials and method. The study was performed on 167 subjects during amateur cycling competitions in the Greater Poland and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Provinces. A specially prepared questionnaire was used in the study. The questions related to the pain caused by cycling, the character and the localization of the pain, and the presence of warm-up and stretching. Results. Knee pain was reported in 40% of the study subjects (mostly anterior pain -26%). Spine pain was reported in 41% of the studied athletes, where 26% was related with the lumbar spine. Variables, such as age, weight, age, BMI, training experience and number of hours devoted to training per week had no influence on the incidence and the localization of leg pain, but it had influence in the case of spine pain. Stretching after cycling was the factor which significantly distinguished the studied groups with regard to the incidence of knee pain. Conclusions. The most common type of leg pain was knee pain (anterior knee pain) whereas spine pain was most commonly reported in the lumbar spine. Statistical analysis showed that spine pain is more often reported by people who are older, have higher weight, and people who spend more time training per week. Warm-up and stretching after cycling are recommended to cyclists who experience pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injuries in cyclists are divided into acute trauma (caused by a fall, traffic accident, or using improper bicycle equipment) and chronic overuse injuries [6,7,8]. Overuse injuries occur in bicycle riders who regularly ride their bicycle [7,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and obesity vs. simple carbohydrates consumption by elderly people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system

Skop-Lewandowska

Zając

Kolarzyk

2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…29 2017 2 direct blow to the lateral shoulder (being thrown over the handlebars); however, this mechanism more commonly causes AC joint injuries and clavicle fractures; which are reported as the most frequent traumatic injuries in cycling. [3] The possible mechanisms leading to the fracture are coracoclavicular ligament avulsion during an AC dislocation; a direct blow to the process, or extremely forceful contraction of the biceps and/or the pectoralis minor muscles. Associated injuries are among others acromial fractures, glenohumeral dislocations, clavicle fractures and AC joint dislocations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The forgotten coracoid: A case report of a coracoid fracture in a male cyclist

et al. 2017

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A healthy 48-year-old male elite triathlete injured his right shoulder during a descent while mountain-biking. His front wheel hit an obstruction causing him to be catapulted over the handlebars and he landed on his shoulder. He experienced immediate pain, swelling and dysfunction of the shoulder.On further evaluation there was visible swelling of the superior and anterior aspects of the shoulder without gross deformity. There was diffuse tenderness on palpation, and both active and passive mobilisations were painful. Clinical suspicion was that of an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury. Patient consent for use of these data in this clinical case presentation was obtained.Plain film radiographs revealed a cranial subluxation of the distal clavicle on the neutral view, as well as small bony fragments in the proximity of the coracoid but without an identifiable fracture. The 15° tilt view did not demonstrate a widening of the AC joint ( Figure 1A).Due to the disproportionate pain experienced by the athlete, imaging was followed up with a computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI not shown in this report), using T1, T2 and fat saturated sequences. The MRI revealed a type II AC injury (according to the Rockwood classification) [1] with oedema of the coracoclavicular ligament and an intact coracoacromial ligament. A fat-fluid level was present in the subacromial bursa and the CT scan demonstrated a splayed fracture of the base of the coracoid process measuring 7.4 mm with 21°of angulation ( Figure 1B). In addition to the AC joint subluxation and coracoid fracture, a fracture of the transverse process of the right fifth lumbar vertebra was detected.Conservative management included the use of paracetamol and a shoulder sling for four weeks with the arm in adduction and the elbow in 90°of flexion. Following this period of treatment, the patient was still not pain-free and had restricted range of motion. Follow-up CT scans at eight weeks showed callus formation without full union. At 10 weeks post injury, rehabilitation, including shoulder stabilisation exercises and mobilisation, was commenced. Running and cycling were resumed; however, swimming was delayed to protect the AC joint. At one year, the shoulder had full range of motion and activities of daily living were pain-free.

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“…14,15 Iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome is the most common cause of lateral knee pain in cyclists. 2 Proposed mechanisms for ITB syndrome are compression of fat beneath the ITB at the lateral femoral epicondyle or friction of the ITB as it moves across the lateral femoral epicondyle during repetitive knee flexion and extension. 2,11,16 When the knee reaches 20-30° of flexion, the ITB passes over the lateral femoral epicondyle, 17,18 creating an impingement zone for fat and an adventitial bursa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,5,16,19 Medial knee injuries seen in cyclists include medial collateral ligament bursitis, plica syndrome, pes anserine syndrome and medial meniscus tear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Extrinsic Factors on Knee Biomechanics During Cycling: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Johnston

Baskins

Koppel

et al. 2017

Intl J Sports Phys Ther

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Background:The knee is susceptible to injury during cycling due to the repetitive nature of the activity while generating torque on the pedal. Knee pain is the most common overuse related injury reported by cyclists, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors can contribute to the development of knee pain.Purpose: Due to the potential for various knee injuries, this purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to determine the association between biomechanical factors and knee injury risk in cyclists. Study Design: Systematic review of the literatureMethods: Literature searches were performed using CINAHL, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Scale for non-randomized trials.Results: Fourteen papers were identified that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only four studies included cyclists with knee pain. Studies were small with sample sizes ranging from 9-24 participants, and were of low to moderate quality. Biomechanical factors that may impact knee pain include cadence, power output, crank length, saddle fore/ aft position, saddle height, and foot position. Changing these factors may lead to differing effects for cyclists who experience knee pain based on specific anatomical location. Conclusion:Changes in cycling parameters or positioning on the bicycle can impact movement, forces, and muscle activity around the knee. While studies show differences across some of the extrinsic factors included in this review, there is a lack of direct association between parameters/positioning on the cycle and knee injury risk due to the limited studies examining cyclists with and without pain or injury. The results of this review can provide guidance to professionals treating cyclists with knee pain, but more research is needed. Level of Evidence: 3a

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Bicycling Injuries

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Overweight and obesity vs. simple carbohydrates consumption by elderly people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system

Overweight and obesity vs. simple carbohydrates consumption by elderly people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system

The forgotten coracoid: A case report of a coracoid fracture in a male cyclist

The Influence of Extrinsic Factors on Knee Biomechanics During Cycling: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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