Process planning and scheduling are important manufacturing planning activities which deal with resource utilization and time span of manufacturing operations. The process plans and the schedules generated in the planning phase shall be modified in the execution phase due to the disturbances in the manufacturing systems. This paper deals with a multi-agent architecture of an integrated and dynamic system for process planning and scheduling for multi jobs. A negotiation protocol is discussed, in this paper, to generate the process plans and the schedules of the manufacturing resources and the individual jobs, dynamically and incrementally, based on the alternative manufacturing processes. The alternative manufacturing processes are presented by the process plan networks discussed in the previous paper, and the suitable process plans and schedules are searched and generated to cope with both the dynamic status and the disturbances of the manufacturing systems. We initiatively combine the heuristic search algorithms of the process plan networks with the negotiation protocols, in order to generate suitable process plans and schedules in the dynamic manufacturing environment. A simulation software has been developed to carry out case studies, aimed at verifying the performance of the proposed multi-agent architecture.Key words: Multi Agent System, Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling, Real Time Scheduling, Flexible Manufacturing System, Petri Nets.
IntroductionProcess planning and scheduling are important manufacturing planning activities which deal with resource utilization and time span of manufacturing operations. In order to cope with competitiveness and globalization of today's business environment, supply chains become more complex, and manufacturing processes have become more advance, however products have to be manufactured in higher varieties and smaller batches. It is essential to establish effective and efficient process plans and production schedules to cope with the highly dynamic manufacturing requirements. Some automobile manufacturers are gradually adopting their production ways to support the diversity of the customer needs and increase the changing speed for the developing the new products (1) .The process planning and scheduling tasks are very complicated and time consuming, if it is applied to the dynamically changing FMSs (Flexible Manufacturing Systems). To facilitate the dynamic and adaptable manufacturing activities in the FMS, a new methodology with appropriate architecture is needed to handle the process planning tasks, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2008 in order to cope with dynamic changes of the products and the manufacturing processes in the FMSs.The multi-agent approaches are becoming increasingly important for the FMSs to increase the productivity and the profitability through the greater shop floor agility and flexibility (2) . The multi-agent systems provide us a systematic way to deal with the dynamic changes of the products and the manufacturing processes in the FMSs. This resea...